86 (termin) sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

'''Sakson olti''' yoki '''86''' – bu amerikacha inglizcha jargon boʻlib, anʼanaviy ravishda oziq-ovqat yoki ichimliklar ishlab chiqaruvchi korxonadan biror narsa yoʻqligini bildirish uchun ishlatiladi yoki binoda qabul qilinmaydigan odam yoki odamlarga ishora qiladi. Uning etimologiyasi nomaʼlum, ammo 1920-yoki 1930-yillarda yaratilganga oʻxshaydi.

Bu atama odatda kimdandir yoki biror narsadan xalos boʻlish maʼnosida ishlatilgan. 1970-yillarda uning maʼnosi qotillikka nisbatan kengaydi<ref name="Expanded">{{Kitob manbasi |last=Green |first=Jonathon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5GpLcC4a5fAC&q=86+slang+to+kill&pg=PA474 |title=Cassell's Dictionary of Slang |date=2005 |publisher=[[Sterling Publishing Company|Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.]] |isbn=978-0-304-36636-1 |pages=174 |language=en |quote=2 [1970s+] (US) to kill, to murder; to execute judicially.}}</ref>.

== Etimologiya va maʼnolar ==
''20-asr oxiridagi Amerika jargon lugʻatlariga koʻra, „sakson olti“'' atamasi dastlab restoran va barlarda ishlatilgan<ref name="dun-upl" />. U koʻpincha oziq-ovqat va ichimliklar xizmatlarida mahsulot endi mavjud emasligini yoki mijozni chiqarib tashlash kerakligini koʻrsatish uchun ishlatiladi<ref name="dun-upl">{{Cite journal|last=Dundes|first1=Alan|date=2001|title=An Uplifting Origin of 86|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/2832|journal=[[American Speech]]|volume=76|issue=4|pages=437–440|doi=10.1215/00031283-76-4-437}}</ref>. Ushbu kontekstdan tashqari, u odatda kimdir yoki biror narsadan „qutilish“ maʼnosida ishlatiladi<ref name="dun-upl" />.

Merriam-Webster onlayn lugʻatiga koʻra, bu termin „mijozga xizmat koʻrsatishdan bosh tortish“, kimnidir yoki biror narsadan „qutilish“ yoki „tashlab yuborish“ degan maʼnoni anglatadi<ref name="mwd">{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=Definition of 86 by Merriam-Webster |nashriyot=[[Merriam-Webster]] |sana=October 2020 |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/86 |qaralgan sana=2020-10-21 |arxivsana=2020-10-22 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022084915/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/86}}</ref>.

''[[Oxford English Dictionary|Oksford inglizcha lugʻatiga]]'' koʻra, termin ot yoki feʼl sifatida ishlatilishi mumkin{{R|oed}}. [[Ot (soʻz turkumi)|ɔt]] sifatida, „Restoran va barlarda mahsulot yetkazib berish tugaganligini yoki mijozga xizmat koʻrsatilmasligini koʻrsatadigan ibora; shuningdek, mijozga xizmat koʻrsatishdan bosh tortish“{{R|oed}}. Ot soʻzidan olingan oʻtimli feʼl sifatida „(insonni) binodan chiqarib yubormoq yoki toʻsmoq; rad etmoq yoki tashlab ketmoq“ maʼnosini bildiradi{{R|oed}}. ''OED'' 1933-yildan 1981-yilgacha foydalanishga misollar keltiradi{{R|oed}}. Misol uchun, ''"Nomzod"'' dan unda media maslahatchisi Robert Redfordga shunday degan: „Xoʻsh, endi boshlovchilar uchun sochingizni va sakson oltita yonboshingizni kesishimiz kerak“<ref name="oed">{{Citation |title=eighty-six, n. |url=https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/59996 |work=[[Oxford English Dictionary]] |year=1989 |access-date=October 21, 2020}} {{Subscription required}}</ref>.

''Kasselning Slang lugʻatiga'' koʻra, 1970-yillarda maʼno kengayib, „oʻldirish, qotillik; [[Sud hokimiyati|sud orqali]] ijro etish“ degan maʼnoni ham anglatɡan<ref name="Expanded">{{Kitob manbasi |last=Green |first=Jonathon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5GpLcC4a5fAC&q=86+slang+to+kill&pg=PA474 |title=Cassell's Dictionary of Slang |date=2005 |publisher=[[Sterling Publishing Company|Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.]] |isbn=978-0-304-36636-1 |pages=174 |language=en |quote=2 [1970s+] (US) to kill, to murder; to execute judicially.}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGreen2005">Green, Jonathon (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=5GpLcC4a5fAC&q=86+slang+to+kill&pg=PA474 ''Cassell’s Dictionary of Slang'']. [[Sterling nashriyot kompaniyasi|Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.]] p.&nbsp;174. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Maxsus:Kitob manbalari/978-0-304-36636-1|<bdi>978-0-304-36636-1</bdi>]]. <q>2 [1970s+] (US) to kill, to murder; to execute judicially.</q></cite></ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=What Does the Term '86' Mean and Where Did It Come From? |url=https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/86/ |ish=Snopes |qaralgan sana=October 30, 2020 |sana=March 10, 2009}}</ref>. Bu foydalanish restoranlarda ishlatiladigan jargon atamasidan olingan<ref name="fof" />. Boshqa jarɡon lugʻatlar bu taʼrifni tasdiqlaydi<ref>{{Kitob manbasi |last=Lighter |first=Jonathan E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UtnWAAAAMAAJ&q=86+slang+to+kill&pg=PA360 |title=Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang: H-O |date=1994 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-679-43464-1 |language=en |accessdate=2020-10-20}}</ref><ref>{{Kitob manbasi |last=Dalzell |first=Tom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abYBCgAAQBAJ&q=eighty-six+slang+to+kill&pg=PT6694 |title=The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English |date=June 26, 2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-37251-6 |language=en |quote=Eighty-six to kill US, 1991}}</ref><ref name="fof">{{Kitob manbasi |last=Hendrickson |first=Robert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1YkAQAAMAAJ&q=%E2%80%9Ceighty-six%E2%80%9D+slang+to+kill |title=The Facts on File Encyclopedia of Word and Phrase Origins |date=2008 |publisher=Facts on File |isbn=978-0-8160-6966-8 |language=en |quote=Eighty-six. To murder someone or put an end to something, [...] The expression derives from the restaurant waiter slang term eighty-six, which, among other things, means to "deny an unwelcome customer service" or to "cancel an order" ("Eighty-six the eggs!”), [...]}}</ref>.
[[Fayl:Chumleys_86_Bedford_St_cloudy_morn_jeh.jpg|thumb| Chumleyning manzili – Bedford Street 86, West Village – bu atamaning kelib chiqishi haqidagi bir nechta hikoyalardan biridir.]]
Ushbu atamaning kelib chiqishi haqida koʻplab nazariyalar mavjud, ammo hech biri aniq emas. Bu 1920- yoki 1930-yillarda paydo boʻlganga oʻxshaydi. tahminiy kelib chiqishi quyidagilardan iborat:

* Nix uchun qofiyali jargon{{R|oed}}.
* Soda jerks tomonidan ishlatiladigan jargonning bir qismi. [[Walter Winchell|Uolter Vinchell]] bu haqda 1933-yilda ''Broadwayda'' sindikatlangan maqolasida yozgan<ref name="Winchell">{{Citation |last=Walter Winchell |title=On Broadway |date=May 24, 1933 |work=[[Akron Beacon Journal]] |author-link=Walter Winchell}}</ref>. Bunda 13-kod xoʻjayinning atrofida ekanligini, 81 – bir stakan suv ekanligini va 86 – „barchasi“ degan maʼnoni anglatadi<ref name="Atlantic">{{Citation |last=Ben Zimmer |title=A Restaurant 'Eighty-Sixed' Sarah Huckabee Sanders. What Does That Mean? |date=June 23, 2018 |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/06/a-restaurant-eighty-sixed-sarah-huckabee-sanders-what-does-that-mean/563588/ |work=[[The Atlantic]] |access-date=October 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020053829/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/06/a-restaurant-eighty-sixed-sarah-huckabee-sanders-what-does-that-mean/563588/ |url-status=live |archive-date=October 20, 2020}}</ref>. Kolumbiya universiteti professori Xarold Bentli soda jerk jargonini oʻrganib chiqdi va mijozning toʻlamasdan chiqib ketishi uchun 95-kabi boshqa raqamli kodlar haqida xabar berdi<ref name="Bentley">{{Citation |last=Bentley |first=Harold W. |title=Linguistic Concoctions of the Soda Jerker |date=February 1936 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/452683 |work=American Speech |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=37–45 |access-date=2020-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022033759/https://www.jstor.org/stable/452683 |url-status=live |publisher=Duke University Press |doi=10.2307/452683 |jstor=452683 |archive-date=2020-10-22}}</ref>.
* Muallif Jef Klein , Quyi Manxettenning Gʻarbiy qishlogʻidagi 86-Bedford koʻchasidagi Chumley’s barining manba ekanligini taxmin qildi. Uning ''"Nyu-Yorkdagi eng yaxshi barlarning tarixi va hikoyalari"'' kitobida aytilishicha, politsiya taqiq paytida Chumleyning bariga reyd uyushtirishdan oldin qoʻngʻiroq qiladi va bufetchiga oʻz mijozlariga „86“ ni aytadi, yaʼni ular Bedford koʻchasidagi 86-uy eshigidan chiqib ketishlari kerak. politsiya Pamela sudining kirish qismiga kelganida<ref>{{Kitob manbasi |last=Klein |first=Jef |title=The History and Stories of the Best Bars of New York |url=https://archive.org/details/historystoriesof0000klei |date=2006 |publisher=[[Turner Publishing Company]]}}</ref>.

== Ommaviy madaniyatda ==

=== Musiqa ===

* 1947-yilda Lui Jordan va uning Tympany Five tomonidan yozilgan " Boogie Woogie Blue Plate " qoʻshigʻi<ref>{{Kitob manbasi |last=Knopper |first=Steve |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6TZCAQAAIAAJ&q=%E2%80%9CBoogie+Woogie+Blue+Plate%E2%80%9D |title=MusicHound Swing!: The Essential Album Guide |date=1999 |publisher=Visible Ink Press |isbn=978-1-57859-091-9 |language=en}}</ref> soda-jerk lingodan foydalanadi, ular orasida „86-gilos pirogi“ ham bor.
* [[Green Day|Green Dayning]] 1995-yilgi „86“ qoʻshigʻi, ular tijoriy muvaffaqiyatga erisha boshlaganlarida, ularning pank-rok hamjamiyatidan rad etilgani haqida<ref>{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=Green Day: The Inside Story of Insomniac |url=https://www.kerrang.com/features/green-day-the-inside-story-of-insomniac/ |qaralgan sana=2020-10-19 |ish=Kerrang! |arxivsana=2020-10-20 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020045413/https://www.kerrang.com/features/green-day-the-inside-story-of-insomniac/}}</ref><ref name="brief">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Case |first=Wesley |date=May 3, 2013 |title=A brief guide to Green Day |work=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |publisher=[[Tribune Publishing]] |url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2013-05-03/entertainment/bs-ae-american-idiot-sidebar-20130503_1_green-day-geek-stink-breath-gilman-street-punk-scene |url-status=live |access-date=February 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305191612/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2013-05-03/entertainment/bs-ae-american-idiot-sidebar-20130503_1_green-day-geek-stink-breath-gilman-street-punk-scene |archive-date=2016-03-05}}</ref>.
* [[Eagles]] ning 1980-yilgi jonli albomi ''Eagles Live'' uchun muqova rasmida har ikki tomonda raqamning stenciled versiyasi mavjud. Oʻsha paytda Eagles ajralish arafasida edi.

=== Sahna va ekran ===

* 1960-yillarda ''"Get Smart"'' telekoʻrsatuvidagi agent 86 oʻzining kod raqamini bu atamadan oladi<ref name="dun-upl">{{Cite journal|last=Dundes|first1=Alan|date=2001|title=An Uplifting Origin of 86|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/2832|journal=[[American Speech]]|volume=76|issue=4|pages=437–440|doi=10.1215/00031283-76-4-437}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFDundes2001">Dundes, Alan (2001). [https://muse.jhu.edu/article/2832 „An Uplifting Origin of 86“]. ''[[Amerika nutqi|American Speech]]''. '''76''' (4): 437–440. [[Raqamli obyekt identifikatori|doi]]:[[doi:10.1215/00031283-76-4-437|10.1215/00031283-76-4-437]]. [[S2CID (identifikator)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143761197 143761197].</cite></ref><ref name="NYT">{{Citation |last=Douglas Martin |title=Don Adams, Television's Maxwell Smart, Dies at 82 |date=September 27, 2005 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/27/arts/television/don-adams-televisions-maxwell-smart-dies-at-82.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=October 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200912021751/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/27/arts/television/don-adams-televisions-maxwell-smart-dies-at-82.html |url-status=live |archive-date=September 12, 2020}}</ref>.
* 2000-yillardagi [[Cartoon Network]] koʻrsatuvidagi Numbuh 86 ''Codename: Kids Next Door'' 13 yoshga toʻlgan va oʻsmirga aylangan Kids Next Door xodimlarini „oʻchirish“ ishi tufayli bu atamadan „numbuh“ oldi.
* Alan Palomoning 2018-yilgi ''86’d'' jinoyat komediya filmi uning Neon hind taxallusi ostida yaratilgan qoʻshiq bilan 24 soatlik shoʻrvada sodir boʻlayotgan besh voqeani tasvirlaydi<ref name="Spin">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Arcland |first=Rob |title=Neon Indian Releases Theme Song for His New Film 86'd |work=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]] |issue=December 21, 2018 |url=https://www.spin.com/2018/12/neon-indian-heavens-basement-theme-song-86d-film-theme-song/ |url-status=live |access-date=October 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019224601/https://www.spin.com/2018/12/neon-indian-heavens-basement-theme-song-86d-film-theme-song/ |archive-date=October 19, 2020}}</ref>.

=== Adabiyot ===

* Devid B. Faynbergning 1989-yildagi ''"Sakson olti"'' romani „OITS tomonidan yoʻq qilingan geylar hamjamiyatiga“ ishora qiladi<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Texier |first=Catherien |date=February 26, 1989 |title=When sex was all that mattered (published 1989) |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/02/26/books/when-sex-was-all-that-mattered.html |url-status=live |access-date=2020-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020185354/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/02/26/books/when-sex-was-all-that-mattered.html |archive-date=2020-10-20 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>. U Faynbergga gey-erkaklar badiiy adabiyoti uchun Lambda adabiy mukofoti va Amerika kutubxonasi assotsiatsiyasining badiiy adabiyot uchun gey/lezbiyen mukofotiga sazovor boʻldi<ref>{{Kitob manbasi |last=Feinberg |first=David B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nBfzdBOdBNoC&q=%E2%80%9Ceighty-sixed%E2%80%9D++Lambda&pg=PT7 |title=Queer and Loathing: Rants and Raves of a Raging AIDS Clone |date=November 1, 1995 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-1-101-16171-5 |language=en}}</ref>.
* Dan Fantening 2009-yilda ''yozilgan 86’d'' romani [[alkogolizm]] va giyohvandlikka qarshi kurashiga asoslanadi<ref>{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=Dan Fante, Confronting His Demons on the Page |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=113279965 |qaralgan sana=2020-10-19 |nashriyot=[[NPR]] |til=en |arxivsana=2020-08-04 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804205154/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=113279965}}</ref>.
* Yapon romanida Asato Asatoning 86 – Sakson oltitasi – bu huquqlari tortib olingan va norasmiy 86-okrugdagi internirlash lagerlariga yuborilgan, insoniy deb hisoblangan va urushda qatnashishga majbur qilingan odamlar.

=== Elektr ishlab chiqarish ===

* ANSI qurilma raqamlari standarti blokirovkalash va asosiy oʻtish oʻrni uchun 86 dan foydalanadi. Ushbu standartga muvofiq, Sankt-Peterburg elektr stantsiyasining ulanish sxemalari uning hujjatlarida „86“ deb nomlanishi kerak boʻlgan barcha blokirovka oʻrni oʻrnatadi va operatorlar ishlamay qolish yoki blokirovka qilish hodisasini tavsiflaydi (masalan, past kuchlanish tufayli nasos motorining oʻchirilishi) „86’d“ sifatida.

== Shuningdek qarang ==

* 23 skidu
* Deep Six (aniqlash)
* Kechki ovqat tili

== Manbalar ==
{{Manbalar}}
[[Turkum:Jargon]]