Falafel sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{{taom bilgiqutisi|tasvir=Falafels 2.jpg|izoh=Falafel koptokchalari|nomi=Falafel|kelib chiqishi=[[Misr]]|asl nomi={{lang-ar|فلافل}}|asosiy_ingredient=loviya yoki noʻxot}}
'''Falafel''' ({{IPAc-en|f|ə|ˈ|l|ɑː|f|əl}}; {{Lang-ar|فلافل}}) Misrda paydo boʻlgan qattiq qovuriladigan yumaloq yoki oval shaklidagi [[fritterlar]] boʻlib, Yaqin Sharq oshxonasida, xususan, Levant oshxonasida ham uchraydi. U [[Boqla|loviya]], maydalangan noʻxat yoki har ikkala mahsulot aralashmasidan tayyorlanadi.

Falafel koʻpincha [[Pita|pide]], samun, [[lafa]] yoki [[Tabun noni|tabun]] deb nomlanuvchi yassi nonga oʻralgan holda dasturxonga tortiladi. „Falafel“ shu tarzda tayyorlangan oʻralgan sendvichga ham oʻxshab ketadi. Falafel toʻplarini salatlar, tuzlangan sabzavotlar va issiq souslar bilan ham tortish mumkin. Falafel toʻplarini faqat gazak sifatida isteʼmol qilishadi.

Falafel asosan Yaqin Sharqda isteʼmol qilinadi. U ayni shu hududlarda keng tarqalgan [[Ko'cha taomlari|koʻcha taomidir]]. Falafel odatda Misr oshxonasiga xos boʻlgan [[boqla]], Falastin oshxonasidagina foydalaniladigan noʻxat{{Sfn|Raviv|2003}}, yoki oddiy noʻxat, [[Iordaniya]], [[Livan]] va [[Suriya|Suriyada]] esa ikkala massaliqning kombinatsiyasi asosida tayyorlanadi{{Sfn|Raviv|2003}}{{Sfn|Roden|2008}}{{Sfn|Malouf|Malouf|2008}}. Bu taom butun dunyo boʻylab vegetarianlar orasida mashhur boʻlgan<ref name="vegtimes1">{{Veb manbasi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LwcAAAAAMBAJ&q=%22Falafel+Without+the+Fat%22&pg=PA20 |ish=[[Vegetarian Times]] |sarlavha=Falafel without fat |muallif=Grogan, Bryanna Clark |sana=July 2003 |sahifalar=20, 22 |qaralgan sana=23 February 2011}}</ref>. Falafelning falastincha noʻxatli versiyasi Isroil oshxonasining asosiy taomiga aylangan boʻlib, oʻziga xos xususiyatga ega va Isroilning milliy taomi deb atalgan. Falastinliklar va boshqa arablar bunday holatda tayyorlangan falafelni tanqid qilishgan{{Sfn|Raviv|2003}}{{Sfn|Pilcher|2006}}.

== Etimologiyasi ==
{{Transl|ar|Falāfil}} soʻzi ({{Lang-ar|فلافل}}) arabcha soʻz boʻlib, ''{{Transl|ar|ALA-LC|filfil}}'' ({{Lang|ar|[[wikt:فلفل|فلفل]]}}) soʻzining koʻpligidir. Filfil 'qalampir'<ref>{{Ensiklopediya manbasi|encyclopedia=[[American Heritage Dictionary]]|edition=5th|year=2011|title=falafel|url=http://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=falafel&submit.x=38&submit.y=12}}</ref> degan maʼnoni anglatadi va [[Fors tili|forscha]] {{Transl|fa|felfel}} ({{Lang|fa|فلفل}}) soʻzidan olingan<ref>{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=دیکشنری آنلاین - Dehkhoda dictionary - معنی پلپل |url=https://abadis.ir/?lntype=dehkhoda,fatofa,moeen,amid,name,wiki,wikiislamic&word=%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%BE%D9%84&from=ac |qaralgan sana=2021-01-06 |ish=abadis.ir |arxivsana=6 March 2021 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306165047/https://abadis.ir/?lntype=dehkhoda,fatofa,moeen,amid,name,wiki,wikiislamic&word=%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%BE%D9%84&from=ac}}</ref>. Shuningdek, [[Sanskrit|sanskritcha]] ''{{Transl|sa|pippalī}}'' ({{Lang|sa|पिप्पली}}) soʻzi ham ayni shunday maʼnoda „uzun qalampir“; yoki oromiycha {{Transl|arc|*filfal}}, yoki {{Transl|arc|pilpāl}} 'kichik yumaloq narsa, qalampir noʻxati', hamda ''palpēl'' 'dumaloq,' soʻzlaridan ham olingan boʻlishi mumkin<ref>{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=Definition of falafel {{!}} Dictionary.com |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/falafel |qaralgan sana=2021-01-03 |ish=www.dictionary.com |til=en |arxivsana=6 January 2019 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106204535/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/falafel}}</ref>.

{{Transl|ar|Falāfil}} soʻzi butun dunyoda qoʻllaniladi. Ingliz tilida bu soʻz (shuningdek, ''falafel'', ''felafel'', ''filafel'' va ''filafil'' shakllari ham mavjud) birinchi marta 1936-yilda tasdiqlangan<ref>The [[Oxford English Dictionary]] (3rd ed., March 2022) has a [https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/69033 1936 citation].</ref>.

== Tarixi ==
[[Fayl:Pita_felafel.jpg|alt=A pita filled with vegetables and fritters on a plate|thumb|[[Pita|Pitadagi]] falafel sendvichi]]
[[Fayl:Falafel_balls.jpg|thumb|Qovurish jarayoniga qaramay, falafelning ichki qismi yumshoq boʻlib qoladi.]]
[[Fayl:Il_Falafel_di_Ramallah.JPG|alt=A man in a restaurant kitchen making fritters|thumb|Qovurilgan Falafel, Ramallah]]Falafelning aynan kelib chiqqan vaqti aniq emas<ref name="Slow food">{{Kitob manbasi |last=Petrini |first=Carlo |title=Slow food : collected thoughts on taste, tradition, and the honest pleasures of food |year=2001 |publisher=Chelsea Green Publishing |isbn=978-1-931498-01-2 |page=55 |accessdate=6 February 2011 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KVf94-rwpJ8C&q=Slow%20food:%20collected%20thoughts%20on%20taste,%20tradition,%20and%20the%20honest%20pleasures%20...%20By%20Carlo%20Petrini,%20Benjamin%20Watson&pg=PA55}}</ref>. Taom [[Misr|Misrda]] paydo boʻlgan<ref>{{Kitob manbasi |last=Helman |first=Anat |title=Jews and Their Foodways |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2015 |isbn=978-0-19-049359-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-LOlCgAAQBAJ |quote=The claim that Indian cooking may have influenced the invention of falafel is reasonable. There are many fried foods in India that predate falafel and that are similar in shape and consistency. British soldiers familiar with ''vada'', ''ambode'', ''dal ke pakode'' and other fried foods might easily have experimented and encouraged resourceful Egyptian chefs to come up with a local equivalent. |accessdate=19 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="ynet">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Galili |first=Shooky |date=4 July 2007 |title=Falafel fact sheet |publisher=Ynet News |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3421119,00.html |url-status=live |access-date=6 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628183259/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3421119,00.html |archive-date=28 June 2011}}</ref><ref name="Lee 2019">{{Veb manbasi |ism=Alexander |muallif=Lee |sarlavha=Historian's Cookbook - Falafel |sana=1 January 2019 |url=https://www.historytoday.com/archive/historians-cookbook/falafel |qaralgan sana=3 January 2021 |ish=[[History Today]] |arxivsana=3 January 2021 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103043712/https://www.historytoday.com/archive/historians-cookbook/falafel}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi |sana=21 July 2020 |sarlavha=A short wrap-up of the history of falafel |url=https://www.zmescience.com/science/history-falafel-food-feature/ |qaralgan sana=8 January 2021 |ish=ZME Science |til=en-US |arxivsana=14 January 2021 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114194037/https://www.zmescience.com/science/history-falafel-food-feature/}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi |sana=4 May 2016 |sarlavha=The falafel battle: which country cooks it best? |url=http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2016/may/04/the-falafel-battle-which-country-cooks-it-best |qaralgan sana=8 January 2021 |ish=the Guardian |til=en |arxivsana=26 January 2021 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126153112/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2016/may/04/the-falafel-battle-which-country-cooks-it-best}}</ref>. Uning tarixi [[Qadimgi Misr|qadimgi Misrga]] borib taqalishi mumkin<ref>{{Kitob manbasi |last=Wilson |first=Hilary |title=Egyptian food and drink |url=https://archive.org/details/egyptianfooddrin0000wils |date=1988 |publisher=Shire |isbn=978-0-85263-972-6 |edition=1. publ |series=Shire Egyptology |location=Princes Risborough}}</ref>. Biroq, Misr manbalaridagi falafel haqida yozilgan eng qadimgi yozma maʼlumotlar 19-asrga taaluqlidir{{Sfn|Raviv|2003}}<ref>{{Kitob manbasi |last=Denker |first=Joel |title=The World on a Plate: A Tour Through the History of America's Ethnic Cuisine |publisher=U of Nebraska Press |year=2003 |page=41 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S_x6nrkcoUkC&q=falafel&pg=PA41 |isbn=0-8133-4003-9}}</ref><ref name="solomonov">{{Kitob manbasi |last=Solomonov |first=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7GVwDwAAQBAJ&dq=falafel+copts&pg=PA20 |title=Israeli Soul: Easy, Essential, Delicious |date=2018 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |isbn=9780544970373}}</ref><ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Liz Steinberg |title=Food Wars: Did Jews Invent Falafel After All? |work=Haaretz |url=https://www.haaretz.com/food/.premium-food-wars-did-jews-invent-falafel-after-all-1.5429673 |url-status=live |access-date=18 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414213438/https://www.haaretz.com/food/.premium-food-wars-did-jews-invent-falafel-after-all-1.5429673 |archive-date=14 April 2021}}</ref>.

[[Iskandariya]] port shahri boʻlganligi uchun taom Yaqin Sharqning boshqa hududlarida ham keng tarqalgan<ref>{{Kitob manbasi |last=Green |first=Aliza |title=Beans |url=https://archive.org/details/beansmorethan20000gree |year=2004 |publisher=Running Press |isbn=978-0-7624-1931-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/beansmorethan20000gree/page/76 76]}}</ref>. Keyinchalik bu taom shimolda ham tarqalib, [[Levant|Levantga]] qadar yetib borgan, u yerda taomni tayyorlash uchunloviya oʻrniga noʻxatdan foydalana boshlangan. Keyinroq Levantdan Yaqin Sharqning boshqa qismlariga ham keng tarqalgan{{sfn|Raviv|2003|p=20}}<ref name="Kantor">{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=A History of the Mideast in the Humble Chickpea |sana=10 July 2002 |muallif=Kantor, Jodi |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/10/dining/a-history-of-the-mideast-in-the-humble-chickpea.html |ish=[[The New York Times]] |qaralgan sana=8 January 2020 |arxivsana=13 September 2020 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200913210032/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/10/dining/a-history-of-the-mideast-in-the-humble-chickpea.html}}</ref><ref name="MacLeod">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=MacLeod |first=Hugh |date=12 October 2008 |title=Lebanon turns up the heat as falafels fly in food fight |work=The Age |url=http://www.theage.com.au/world/lebanon-turns-up-the-heat-as-falafels-fly-in-food-fight-20081011-4yqo.html |url-status=live |access-date=10 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014091818/http://www.theage.com.au/world/lebanon-turns-up-the-heat-as-falafels-fly-in-food-fight-20081011-4yqo.html |archive-date=14 October 2008}}</ref>.

=== Yaqin Sharq ===
Falafel Misrda, shuningdek, [[Levant]] boʻylab [[Oʻrta Sharq|Yaqin Sharq]] mamlakatlarida ham keng tarqalgan [[Ko'cha taomlari|koʻcha taomlaridan]] biridir{{Sfn|Roden|2008}}<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Kelley |first=Leigh |date=28 January 2010 |title=Dining with a Middle Eastern flair |work=[[Times-News (Hendersonville, North Carolina)|Times-News]] |url=https://www.blueridgenow.com/article/NC/20100128/News/606056826/HT |url-status=dead |access-date=1 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501090256/https://www.blueridgenow.com/article/NC/20100128/News/606056826/HT |archive-date=1 May 2021}}</ref>. Kroket asosan mezening bir qismi sifatida isteʼmol qilinadi. [[Ramazon]] oyida falafel toʻplari baʼzan ''[[Iftor|iftorlikning]]'' asosiy taomi sifatida tortiladi<ref name="Vegetarian Journal 2001-04-01">{{Veb manbasi |url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-30704219_ITM |sarlavha=Falafel: healthy Middle Eastern hamburgers capture the West. |muallif=Habeeb |ism=Salloum |sana=1 April 2007 |ish=Vegetarian Journal |qaralgan sana=16 February 2010 |arxivsana=2 September 2019 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902204559/https://www.nelsonbrain.com/shop}}</ref>. Falafel shu qadar mashhur boʻlganki, [[McDonald's]] bir muddat Misrdagi nonushta menyusida „McFalafel“ tayyorlab, sotishni ham yoʻlga qoʻygan<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Allison |first=Jerry |date=6 January 2009 |title=Fast food – Middle Eastern style |work=[[The News Journal]] |url=http://www.wnewsj.com/main.asp?SectionID=43&SubSectionID=200&ArticleID=172473 |url-status=dead |access-date=6 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718075130/http://www.wnewsj.com/main.asp?SectionID=43&SubSectionID=200&ArticleID=172473 |archive-date=18 July 2011}}</ref>.

Falafel [[qibtiylar]] oshxonasidagi mashxur taomlardan biri boʻlib, diniy bayramlarda juda koʻp miqdorda pishiriladi{{Sfn|Roden|2008}}. Falafel [[Xristian arablar|arab nasroniylari]] orasidagi Lentenlarning taomnomasidan ham joy olgan<ref>{{Kitob manbasi |title=Food and Everyday Life |first=Thomas |last=M. Conroy |year=2014 |isbn=9780739173114 |page=73 |publisher=Lexington Books |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Kitob manbasi |title=The Oxford Companion to Food |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000davi_w2w6 |first=Alan |last=Davidson |year=2014 |isbn=9780191040726 |page=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000davi_w2w6/page/295 295] |publisher=Oxford University Press |quote=Falafel are made for religious festivals, especially among Christian communities during Lent when meat is forbidden.}}</ref>{{Sfn|Raviv|2003}}.

Falafelning falastinliklar tomonidan tayyorlangan noʻxatli versiyasi Isroil oshxonasidan joy olgan boʻlib, u yerda ayrim oʻzgarishlarga ham uchragan. Falafel Isroilning milliy taomi sifatida tan olingan, falastinliklar va boshqa arablar buni tanqid qilgan va mazkur holatni madaniy oʻzlashtirish deya baholashgan{{Sfn|Raviv|2003}}.

=== Yevropa ===
Arablar va turklarning migratsiya toʻlqinlari falafelni Yevropada ham tarqalishigan sabab boʻlgan. Xususan, koʻp turk aholisiga ega boʻlgan [[Germaniya|Germaniyada]] ham bu yegulik keng tarqalgan. Avvaliga bu asosan migrantlar tomonidan isteʼmol qilinadigan taom boʻlgan. 1970-yillarning boshlarida turk taomlari sotiladigan doʻkonlar va restoranlarning paydo boʻlishi bilan falafel nemislar orasida ham mashxur boʻla boshlagan va natijada taom retsepti oʻzgarib ketgan<ref>{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=Falafel {{!}} History Today |url=https://www.historytoday.com/archive/historians-cookbook/falafel |qaralgan sana=2022-12-11 |ish=www.historytoday.com |arxivsana=3 January 2021 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103043712/https://www.historytoday.com/archive/historians-cookbook/falafel}}</ref>.

=== Shimoliy Amerika ===
Shimoliy Amerikada, 1970-yillarga qadar, falafel faqat Yaqin Sharq, Oʻrta yer dengizi va yahudiy mahallalari restoranlardagina sotilgan<ref name="vegtimes12">{{Veb manbasi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LwcAAAAAMBAJ&q=%22Falafel+Without+the+Fat%22&pg=PA20 |ish=[[Vegetarian Times]] |sarlavha=Falafel without fat |muallif=Grogan, Bryanna Clark |sana=July 2003 |sahifalar=20, 22 |qaralgan sana=23 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="mouth">{{Kitob manbasi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ze3F_n37NVoC&q=falafel+american&pg=PA181 |title=Mouth Wide Open: A Cook and His Appetite |last=Thorne, Matt |pages=181–187 |publisher=Macmillan |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-86547-628-8 |accessdate=23 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="ocafd">{{Kitob manbasi |first=Charles |last=Perry |chapter=Middle Eastern Influences on American Food |editor=Smith |title=The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_e9i9 |date=May 2007 |isbn=978-0-19-530796-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_e9i9/page/384 384] |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA}}</ref><ref name="encmah">{{Kitob manbasi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=owZCMZpYamMC&q=falafel+american&pg=PA207 |title=Encyclopedia of Muslim-American History, Volume 1 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |year=2010 |page=207 |last=Curtis IV, Edward |accessdate=23 February 2011 |isbn=978-0-8160-7575-1}}</ref>. Bugungi kunda bu taom Shimoliy Amerikaning koʻplab shaharlarida keng tarqalgan boʻlib, mashhur koʻcha taomi hisoblanadi<ref name="atlanta">{{Cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mA8AAAAAMBAJ&q=falafel+american&pg=PA194|journal=[[Atlanta Magazine]]|page=194|title=Cuisine of the Month|last=Lenhard, Elizabeth|date=January 2006|access-date=23 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="religion">{{Kitob manbasi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ORy2aVD7cEgC&q=falafel+american&pg=PA178 |title=The World Religions Cookbook |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] |last=Schmidt |first=Arno |page=178 |year=2007 |accessdate=23 February 2011 |isbn=978-0-313-33504-4}}</ref><ref name="goodhousekeeping">{{Kitob manbasi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fJK8R_x0j8C&q=falafel+american&pg=PT387 |title=The Good Housekeeping Cookbook |publisher=Hearst Books |editor=Westmoreland, Susan |year=2004 |accessdate=23 February 2011 |isbn=978-1-58816-398-1}}</ref>.
{{Ozuqaviy qiymat bilgiqutisi
| name = Uy sharoitida tayyorlangan falafel
| kJ = 1393
| carbs = 31.84 g
| fat = 17.80 g
| protein = 13.31 g
| water = 34.62 g
| calcium_mg = 54
| iron_mg = 3.42
| phosphorus_mg = 192
| magnesium_mg = 82
| manganese_mg = 0.691
| sodium_mg = 294
| potassium_mg = 585
| zinc_mg = 1.50
| vitA_iu = 13
| thiamin_mg = 0.146
| riboflavin_mg = 0.166
| niacin_mg = 1.044
| pantothenic_mg = 0.292
| vitB6_mg = 0.125
| folate_ug = 78
| vitB12_ug = 0.00
| source_usda = 1
| note = [https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/172455/nutrients USDA ma’lumotlar bazasiga havola]
}}
=== Vegetarianizm ===
Falafel butun dunyo boʻylab vegetarianlar orasida mashhur boʻlgan<ref name="vegtimes13">{{Veb manbasi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LwcAAAAAMBAJ&q=%22Falafel+Without+the+Fat%22&pg=PA20 |ish=[[Vegetarian Times]] |sarlavha=Falafel without fat |muallif=Grogan, Bryanna Clark |sana=July 2003 |sahifalar=20, 22 |qaralgan sana=23 February 2011}}</ref>.

Falafel goʻsht asosida tayyorlangan koʻcha ovqatlariga muqobil sifatida olingani uchun [[Vegetarianlik|vegetarianlar]] va veganlar orasida mashhur boʻlgan<ref name="vegtimes14">{{Veb manbasi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LwcAAAAAMBAJ&q=%22Falafel+Without+the+Fat%22&pg=PA20 |ish=[[Vegetarian Times]] |sarlavha=Falafel without fat |muallif=Grogan, Bryanna Clark |sana=July 2003 |sahifalar=20, 22 |qaralgan sana=23 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Wolfe 2007">{{Kitob manbasi |last=Wolfe |first=Frankie Avalon |title=The Complete Idiot's Guide to Being Vegetarian |publisher=Penguin Group |year=2007 |pages=175, 186 |accessdate=22 February 2011 |isbn=978-1-59257-682-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c0S-LmVSYgsC&q=falafel&pg=PA126}}</ref><ref name="falafel burgers">{{Kitob manbasi |last=Murphy |first=Jane |title=The Great Big Burger Book: 100 New and Classic Recipes for Mouth Watering Burgers Every Day Every Way |year=2010 |publisher=ReadHowYouWant.com |accessdate=6 February 2011 |isbn=978-1-4587-6463-8 |page=304 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GcjxTyEMNjAC&q=The%20Great%20Big%20Burger%20Book:%20100%20New%20and%20Classic%20Recipes%20for%20Mouth%20Watering%20...%20By%20Jane%20Murphy&pg=PP1}}</ref><ref name="veganvolume">{{Kitob manbasi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XzJUBO3Sm_YC&q=%22Falafel%22+vitamin&pg=PA203 |last=Berkoff R.D., Nancy |accessdate=22 February 2011 |title=Vegan in volume: vegan quantity recipes for every occasion |isbn=978-0-931411-21-2 |year=1999 |publisher=Vegetarian Resource}}</ref>. Falafel goʻsht oʻrnini bosuvchi yegulik sifatida isteʼmol qilinadi. Baʼzi vegetarianlar retseptlarida goʻshtli non, suyuq joelar, spagetti va köfte singari taomlar ham mavjud<ref name="vegtimes2">{{Veb manbasi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tAQAAAAAMBAJ&q=%22Falafel%22+vegetarian+times&pg=PA36 |ish=Vegetarian Times |sarlavha=New Ways with Falafel: The Middle Eastern favorite has evolved from a high fat sandwich stuffer to a low fat meal magician |muallif=Leonard, Joanne |sana=October 1996 |sahifalar=36, 38 |qaralgan sana=22 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="vegtimes3">{{Veb manbasi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JQcAAAAAMBAJ&q=%22Falafel%22+vegetarian+times&pg=PA30 |ish=Vegetarian Times |sarlavha=Minute Meals |muallif=Whitney, Winona |sana=June 1991 |qaralgan sana=23 February 2011}}</ref>.

== Tayyorlanishi ==
Falafel [[Boqla|fava loviyasi]] yoki noʻxatdan, yoki har ikkalasining aralashmasidan tayyorlanadi{{Sfn|Raviv|2003}}. Falafel odatda Misr oshxonasida [[Boqla|fava loviyalarining]] oʻzidan tayyorlanadi{{Sfn|Raviv|2003}}. [[Iordaniya]], [[Livan]] va [[Suriya]], shuningdek, Yaqin Sharq mamlakatlarida loviya va noʻxatning kombinatsiyasi asosida tayyorlangan turi mashhur boʻlgan{{Sfn|Roden|2008}}<ref name="Aytop106">{{Kitob manbasi |title=The glutton's glossary: a dictionary of food and drink terms |first=John |last=Ayto |publisher=Routledge |year=1990 |accessdate=6 February 2011 |isbn=0-415-02647-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vAQOAAAAQAAJ&q=syria+falafel+chickpeas&pg=PA106}}</ref>. Taomning ayni shu turi Gʻarbda eng mashhur koʻcha taomlaridan biri hisoblanadi{{Sfn|Roden|2008}}.

Falafelni tayyorlashda noʻxatdan foydalanilganda, ular avvaldan pishirib qoʻyilmaydi (noʻxat pishirilsa falafel parchalanib ketishi mumkin). Buning oʻrniga ular bir kecha oldin ivitib qoʻyiladi (baʼzan [[soda]] bilan), keyin maydanoz, [[Qovoq|piyoz]] va sarimsoq kabi turli ingredientlar bilan qoʻshilib maydalanadi{{Sfn|Roden|2008}}. [[Sariq zira|Zira]] va [[koriander]] kabi ziravorlar koʻpincha qoʻshimcha lazzat berish uchun qoʻshiladi<ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9401E7D81F30F937A35757C0A9619C8B63 |sarlavha=For the Best Falafel, Do It All Yourself |muallif=Bittman |ism=Mark |sana=4 April 2007 |ish=The New York Times |qaralgan sana=11 July 2011 |arxivsana=12 June 2011 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612120635/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9401E7D81F30F937A35757C0A9619C8B63}}</ref>. Quritilgan fava loviyasi suvga solib ivitib qoʻyiladi, soʻngra koʻk piyoz, maydanoz, yashil koriander, zira va quruq koriander bilan qoʻshib maydalanadi<ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=http://www.scienzavegetariana.it/nutrizione/favabeans.html |sarlavha=Fava Beans, Levodopa, and Parkinson's Disease |muallif=Kathrynne Holden |qaralgan sana=17 March 2013 |arxivsana=22 July 2018 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722191415/https://www.scienzavegetariana.it/nutrizione/favabeans.html}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=http://www.southcoasttoday.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19960529/LIFE/305299944 |muallif=Russ Parsons |sarlavha=The Long History of the Mysterious Fava Bean |qaralgan sana=10 August 2014 |arxivsana=29 October 2020 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029223716/https://www.southcoasttoday.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19960529/LIFE/305299944}}</ref>. Bu massaga toʻp yoki kotlet shakli beriladi. Falafelga qoʻlda yoki ''aleb falafel'' (falafel qolipi) deb nomlangan asbob yordamida bu shaklni berish mumkin<ref name="Oxford Press">{{Kitob manbasi |last=Davidson |first=Alan |title=The Oxford Companion to Food |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2006 |edition=2nd |page=287 |isbn=978-0-19-280681-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JTr-ouCbL2AC&q=falafel&pg=PA287 |accessdate=April 27, 2010}}</ref>. Odatda qattiq qovuriladi yoki pechda pishirilishi ham mumkin.

Falafel odatda toʻp shaklida boʻladi, lekin baʼzida boshqa shakllarda ham tayyorlanadi. Falafelning ichki qismi yashil (petrushka yoki yashil piyoz singari koʻkatlar hisobiga) yoki sargʻish boʻlishi mumkin. Baʼzida falafelni qovurishdan oldin u kunjutga botirib olinadi.

== Manbalar ==
{{Manbalar|30em}}

== Havolalar ==

* [https://cooking.nytimes.com/recipes/1015257-falafel 2008 yil 12-fevral uchun ''kun retsepti''] — ''[[The New York Times]]''
[[Turkum:Ko‘cha taomlari]]
[[Turkum:Iroq oshxonasi]]
[[Turkum:Iordaniya oshxonasi]]
[[Turkum:Suriya oshxonasi]]
[[Turkum:Isroil oshxonasi]]
[[Turkum:Misr oshxonasi]]
[[Turkum:Arab oshxonasi]]
[[Turkum:Lanten taomlari]]
[[Turkum:Bahrain oshxonasi]]
[[Turkum:Falastin oshxonasi]]
[[Turkum:Saudiya Arabistoni oshxonasi]]