Inqilob sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

'''Inqilob''' ({{lang-la|revolutio}}, 'burilish')- bu jamiyat davlati, sinfiy, etnik yoki diniy tuzilmalarining tez, tubdan oʻzgarishi<ref name="Goldstonet4">{{cite journal |last=Goldstone |first=Jack |author-link=Jack Goldstone |date=2001 |title=Towards a Fourth Generation of Revolutionary Theory |journal=[[Annual Review of Political Science]] |volume=4 |pages=139–187 |doi=10.1146/annurev.polisci.4.1.139 |doi-access=free|issn=1094-2939 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Beck |first=Colin J. |date=2018 |title=The Structure of Comparison in the Study of Revolution |url=https://osf.io/x8bf7/download |journal=Sociological Theory |language=en-US |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=134–161 |doi=10.1177/0735275118777004 |issn=0735-2751 |s2cid=53669466}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Skocpol |first=Theda |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/states-and-social-revolutions/9481262B2BDA1BFFB3C9218DBD447190 |title=States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia and China |date=1979 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511815805|isbn=978-0-521-22439-0 }}</ref>. Inqilob [[siyosiy rejimlar]]ni oʻzgartirishga urinish, jiddiy [[ommaviy safarbarlik]] va institutsional boʻlmagan vositalar (masalan, ommaviy namoyishlar, norozilik namoyishlari, ish tashlashlar yoki zoʻravonlik) orqali oʻzgartirishga majburlash harakatlarini oʻz ichiga oladi<ref name="Goldstonet4" />.

Inqiloblar insoniyat tarixi davomida sodir boʻlgan va usullari, muvaffaqiyati yoki muvaffaqiyatsizligi, davomiyligi va motivatsion [[mafkura]] nuqtai nazaridan juda xilma-xildir<ref name="Goldstonet4" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Stone |first=Lawrence |date=1966 |title=Theories of Revolution |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/world-politics/article/abs/theories-of-revolution/66CDA67FF55E08E0620257F0FDE14876 |journal=World Politics |language=en |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=159–176 |doi=10.2307/2009694 |jstor=2009694 |s2cid=154757362 |issn=1086-3338}}</ref>. [[Inqilob]]lar shahar qoʻzgʻolonlari va rejimning qulashi bilan boshlanishi mumkin yoki ular [[partizanlar urushi]] yoki dehqonlar qoʻzgʻolonlari orqali chekka hududlarda boshlanishi mumkin<ref name="Goldstonet4" />. [[Siyosiy rejimlar]] harbiy magʻlubiyatlar, milliy gʻurur va oʻziga xoslikni haqorat qilish, repressiya va korrupsiya tufayli inqiloblarga zaif boʻlishi mumkin<ref name="Goldstonet4" />. Inqiloblar inqilobning oldini olishga yoki davom etayotgan yoki muvaffaqiyatli inqilob yoʻnalishini oʻzgartirishga intilayotgan [[aksilinqilob]]larga turtki berishi mumkin<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Clarke |first=Killian |date=2023 |title=Revolutionary Violence and Counterrevolution |journal=American Political Science Review |volume=117 |issue=4 |pages=1344–1360 |doi=10.1017/S0003055422001174 |issn=0003-0554 |s2cid=254907991 |doi-access=free}}</ref>.


Xalqaro tizim inqiloblarni ilhomlantiradigan [[millatchilik]], oʻz taqdirini oʻzi belgilash, respublikachilik, [[liberalizm]], [[demokratiya]], [[fashizm]] va [[sotsializm]] kabi [[mafkura]] va boshqaruv modellarini tarqatishi mumkin<ref>{{harvnb|Gunitsky|2018}}; {{harvnb|Gunitsky|2017}}; {{harvnb|Gunitsky|2021}}; {{harvnb|Reus-Smit|2013}}; {{harvnb|Fukuyama|1992}}; {{harvnb|Getachew|2019}}</ref>.

Soʻnggi asrlardagi eʼtiborga molik inqiloblar [[AQSH mustaqillik urushi]] (1775-1783), [[Buyuk fransuz inqilobi]] (1789-1799), [[Gaiti inqilobi]] (1791-1804), [[Amerikadagi ispaniyalikning mustaqillik urushlari]] (1808-1826), Yevropadagi [[1848-yil inqiloblari]], [[Meksika inqilobi]] (1910-1920), 1917-yildagi [[Rossiya inqilobi]], 1940-yillardahi [[Xitoy kommunistik inqilobi]], [[Afrikani mustamlakachilikdan chiqarish]], 1959-yildagi [[Kuba inqilobi]], 1979-yildagi [[Eron inqilobi]] va [[1989-yilgi inqiloblar]]ni oʻz ichiga oladi.

== Etimologiyasi ==

[[Fransuz tili]] da''"revolucion"'' soʻzi [[XIII asr]]dan, [[ingliz tili]]da esa „revolution“ soʻzi [[XIV asr]] oxiridan samoviy jismlarning aylanish harakati bilan bogʻliq holda maʼlum. Ijtimoiy tuzumdagi keskin oʻzgarishlarni ifodalovchi „inqilob“ kamida 1450-yil tomonidan tasdiqlangan<ref>[[Oxford English Dictionary|OED]] vol Q-R p. 617 1979 Sense III states a usage „Alteration, change, mutation“ from 1400 but lists it as „rare“. „c. 1450, Lydg 1196 ''Secrees'' of Elementys the Revoluciuons, Chaung of tymes and Complexiouns.“ Itʼs clear that the usage had been established by the early 15th century but only came into common use in the late 17th century in England.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=revolution |title=Revolution |website=onlineetymology.com}}</ref>. Ushbu atamaning siyosiy qoʻllanishi [[1688-yil]]da [[James II]] ning [[William III]] bilan almashtirilishi tavsifida yaxshi aniqlangan. Bu voqea „[[Shonli inqilob]]“ deb ataldi<ref>{{cite web|first=Richard |last=Pipes |url=http://chagala.com/russia/pipes.htm |title=A Concise History of the Russian Revolution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511130014/http://chagala.com/russia/pipes.htm |archive-date=11 May 2011}}</ref>.

== Yana qarang ==
{{cols|colwidth=26em}}
* [[Inqilob davri]]
* [[Inqiloblar va qoʻzgʻolonlar roʻyxati]]
* [[Passiv inqilob]]
* [[Siyosiy urush]]
* [[Qoʻzgʻolon]]
* [[Reformizm]]
* [[Inqilobiy toʻlqin]]
* [[Inqilob huquqi]]
* [[Ijtimoiy harakat]]
{{colend}}
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}
== Adabiyotlar ==
* {{Cite book |last=Fukuyama |first=Francis |author-link=Francis Fukuyama |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=azRfjououTAC |title=The End of History and the Last Man |date=1992 |publisher=[[Penguin Books|Penguin]] |isbn=978-0-14-013455-1 |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Getachew |first=Adom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J3OYDwAAQBAJ |title=Worldmaking After Empire: The Rise and Fall of Self-Determination |date=2019 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=978-0-691-17915-5 |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Gunitsky |first=Seva |date=2017 |url=https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691172330/aftershocks |title=Aftershocks |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=978-0-691-17233-0}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Gunitsky |first=Seva |date=2018 |title=Democratic Waves in Historical Perspective |journal=[[Perspectives on Politics]] |language=en |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=634–651 |doi=10.1017/S1537592718001044 |issn=1537-5927 |s2cid=149523316}}
* {{Citation |last=Gunitsky |first=Seva |date=2021 |title=Great Powers and the Spread of Autocracy Since the Cold War |work=Before and After the Fall: World Politics and the End of the Cold War |pages=225–243 |editor-last=Bartel |editor-first=Fritz |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/before-and-after-the-fall/great-powers-and-the-spread-of-autocracy-since-the-cold-war/D7F3EC6F0C4B41F5742693AB13DE28AD |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |doi=10.1017/9781108910194.014 |isbn=978-1-108-84334-8 |s2cid=244851964 |editor2-last=Monteiro |editor2-first=Nuno P.}}
* {{cite book |last=Katz |first=Mark N. |author-link=Mark N. Katz |title=Revolutions and Revolutionary Waves |publisher=[[St Martin's Press]] |date=1997 |isbn=978-0312173227}}
* {{Cite book |last=Reus-Smit |first=Christian |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/individual-rights-and-the-making-of-the-international-system/A915E13F20DDBD0F5FEE91A59D7C827A |title=Individual Rights and the Making of the International System |date=2013 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-85777-2 |doi=10.1017/cbo9781139046527}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Strang |first=David |date=1991 |title=Global Patterns of Decolonization, 1500-1987 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2600949 |journal=International Studies Quarterly |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=429–454 |doi=10.2307/2600949 |jstor=2600949 |issn=0020-8833}}
* Beissinger, Mark R. (2024). „[https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/920225/pdf The Evolving Study of Revolution]“. ''World Politics.''
* {{cite journal|last=Beck |first=Colin J. |date=2018 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0735275118777004?journalCode=stxa |title=The Structure of Comparison in the Study of Revolution |journal=Sociological Theory |volume=36 |number=2 |pages=134–161|doi=10.1177/0735275118777004 |s2cid=53669466 }}
* Goldstone, Jack A. (1982). „[https://www.jstor.org/stable/2945993 The Comparative and Historical Study of Revolutions]“. ''Annual Review of Sociology''. '''8''': 187-207
* {{cite book|editor-last=Ness |editor-first=Immanuel |title=The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest: 1500 to the Present |url=https://archive.org/details/internationalenc0002unse_d4n1 |location=Malden, MA |publisher=[[Wiley & Sons]] |date=2009 |isbn=978-1-4051-8464-9}}
== Havolalar ==
{{Wiktionary|Inqilob}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* [[Hannah Arendt|Arendt, Hannah]] (1963). [http://www.iep.utm.edu/a/arendt.htm#H5 IEP.UTM.edu]. ''On Revolution''. Penguin Classics. New Ed edition: February 8, 1991. {{ISBN|0-14-018421-X}}.

{{Tashqi havolalar}}
[[Turkum:Ijtimoiy ziddiyat]]
[[Turkum:Inqilob]]
[[Turkum:Inqiloblar]]
[[Turkum:Qiyosiy siyosat]]