Lexus sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{{Infobox company
| name = Lexus
| logo = [[File:Lexus.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert|alt=Oval-shaped logo with the letter 'L', above the stylistic Lexus wordmark]]
| logo_alt = Oval-shaped logo with the letter 'L', above the stylistic Lexus wordmark
| type = Boʻlinma
| industry = [[Avtomobil sanoati]]
| foundation = {{start date and age|1989|df=yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=When was Lexus founded?|url=https://www.northwestlexus.com/when-was-lexus-founded/|date=28 September 2018|website=Northwest Lexus|language=en-US|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=2 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702062859/https://www.northwestlexus.com/when-was-lexus-founded/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| founder = [[Eiji Toyoda]]<!-- Please do not change, spelled correctly. -->
| location = [[Nagoya]], Yaponiya
| locations =
| area_served = Global
| key_people = {{unbulleted list
  | Takashi Watanabe<small> (Prezident)</small><ref>{{Cite news |title=TMC Announces Changes to Executive Structure, Senior Professional/Senior Management Employees |publisher=Toyota Motor Corporation |date=13 February 2023 |access-date=14 August 2023 |url=https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/corporate/38774342.html |archive-date=14 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814124158/https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/corporate/38774342.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
  | David Nordstrom<small> ([[Vitse Prezident|VP]], Osiyo-Tinch okeani)</small><ref name=lda/>
  | Spiros Fotinos<small> (VP, EU)</small><ref name=rz>{{Cite news |title=Lexus teases RZ electric crossover |last=Gibbs |first=Nick |work=Automotive News |date=2 December 2021 |access-date=5 January 2022 |url=https://www.autonews.com/cars-concepts/toyotas-lexus-touts-incredible-driving-dynamics-rz-electric-crossover |archive-date=5 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105023557/https://www.autonews.com/cars-concepts/toyotas-lexus-touts-incredible-driving-dynamics-rz-electric-crossover |url-status=live }}</ref>
  | Andrew Gilleland<small> (VP, U.S.)</small><ref name=2021sales>{{Cite news |title=Toyota, Lexus End Tough Sales Year on High Notes |last=Finlay |first=Steve |work=Wards Auto |date=5 January 2021 |access-date=5 January 2022 |url=https://www.wardsauto.com/industry-news/toyota-lexus-end-tough-sales-year-high-notes |archive-date=5 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105210359/https://www.wardsauto.com/industry-news/toyota-lexus-end-tough-sales-year-high-notes |url-status=live }}</ref>
  }}
| products = {{unbulleted list
  | [[Luxury vehicles]]
  | Performance vehicles
  }}
| services = [[Financial services|Automotive financing]]
| parent = [[Toyota|Toyota Motor Corporation]]
| brands = [[Lexus F|F marque]]
| homepage = {{URL|https://discoverlexus.com/lexus-in-your-region/|discoverlexus.com}}
}}

'''Lexus''' ([[yaponcha]]: レクサス, ''Rekusasu'') – bu [[Yaponiya]] avtomobil ishlab chiqaruvchisi [[Toyota|Toyota Motor Corporation]]<nowiki/>ning hashamatli avtomobillar boʻlinmasi hisoblanadi. Hozirgi kunda Lexus brendi dunyoning 90 dan ortiq mamlakati va hududlarida sotilmoqda<ref name=lda>{{Cite web| title = Lexus Design Award 2022| author = | work = Bloomberg.com| date = 30 September 2021| access-date = 5 January 2022| url = https://www.bloomberg.com/press-releases/2021-09-30/lexus-design-award-india-2022-announces-esteemed-panel-of-judges-and-mentors-receiving-over-six-hundred-original-entries| quote = | archive-date = 5 January 2022| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220105023550/https://www.bloomberg.com/press-releases/2021-09-30/lexus-design-award-india-2022-announces-esteemed-panel-of-judges-and-mentors-receiving-over-six-hundred-original-entries| url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roadandtrack.com/tests/drives/2010_lexus_rx_350_rx_450h |title=2010 Lexus RX 350 & RX 450h – First Drive |work=Road & Track |access-date=15 May 2010 |last=Wilson |first=Tom |date=13 February 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100410143949/http://www.roadandtrack.com/tests/drives/2010_lexus_rx_350_rx_450h |archive-date=10 April 2010}}</ref> va Yaponiyaning eng koʻp sotiladigan premium avtomobil markasi hisoblanadi. Shuningdek, u bozor qiymati boʻyicha eng katta 10 ta global yapon brendlari qatoridan oʻrin olgan<ref name=jbrand>{{cite web|url=http://www.interbrand.com/Libraries/Files/-1_Japan_BGB2009_pdf.sflb.ashx |title=Japan's Best Global Brands 2009 |year=2009 |work=Interbrand |access-date=20 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123173546/http://interbrand.com/Libraries/Files/-1_Japan_BGB2009_pdf.sflb.ashx |archive-date=23 November 2010}}</ref>. Lexusning bosh qarorgohi Yaponiyaning [[Nagoya]] shahrida joylashgan boʻlib, operatsion markazlari [[Belgiya]] ([[Brussel (shahar)|Brussel]]) va [[Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari|AQSh]]<nowiki/>da ([[Plano (Texas)|Plano]], [[Texas]]) joylashgan.

[[Honda]] va [[Nissan]] oʻzlarining hashamatli avtomobillar boʻlinmalari ''[[Acura]]'' va ''[[Infiniti kompaniyasi|Infiniti]]''ni yaratgan vaqtda, Lexus ham yangi premium [[sedan]] ishlab chiqish loyihasi sifatida boshlangan. Lexus loyihasi F1 kod nomi bilan 1983-yilda boshlanib, 1989-yilda ''Lexus LS'' modeli bilan debyut qilgan<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Short History of Japanese Luxury Cars|url=http://www.businessweek.com/autos/content/may2006/bw20060523_579325.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628223731/http://www.businessweek.com/autos/content/may2006/bw20060523_579325.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 June 2011|date=28 June 2011|access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref>. Keyinchalik boʻlinma sedan, kupe, [[kabriolet]] va [[SUV]] modellarini ham qoʻshdi. Lexus 2005-yilgacha Yaponiya bozorida brend sifatida mavjud emas edi va 1989-yildan 2005-yilgacha xalqaro bozorda Lexus nomi ostida sotilgan barcha avtomobillar Yaponiyada Toyota markasi ostida chiqarilgan. 2005-yilda ''RX'' krossoverining gibrid versiyasi chiqarildi va keyinchalik boshqa gibrid modellar ham qoʻshildi. Lexus 2007-yilda oʻzining ''F'' sport boʻlinmasini ''IS F'' sport sedani bilan taqdim etgan, 2009-yilda esa ''LFA'' superkarini chiqaradi.

Lexus avtomobillari asosan Yaponiyada ishlab chiqariladi, ishlab chiqarish ''Chūbu'' va ''[[Kyusyu|Kyūsyū]]'' mintaqalarida, xususan, ''[[Tahara (Aichi)|Tahara]]'', ''Aichi'', ''Chūbu'' va ''Miyata'', ''[[Fukuoka]]'', ''[[Kyusyu|Kyūsyū]]'' zavodlarida toʻplangan. Lexus brendi 2003-yilda [[Kanada]]<nowiki/>da ishlab chiqarilgan birinchi Lexus modeli ''RX 330''ni taqdim etdi. 2001-2005-yillarda korporativ qayta tashkil etish jarayonidan soʻng, Lexus oʻzining dizayn, muhandislik va ishlab chiqarish markazlariga ega boʻldi.

2000-yillardan beri Lexus oʻzining eng katta bozori boʻlgan AQShdan tashqarida ham sotuvlarni koʻpaytirdi. 2005-yilda Lexus Yaponiya ichki bozorida oʻz dilerlik tarmogʻini ochib, Yaponiyada ishga tushirilgan birinchi yapon premium avtomobil markasi boʻldi<ref name=cbs/>. Brend keyinchalik [[Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyo]], [[Lotin amerikasi|Lotin Amerikasi]], [[Yevropa]] va boshqa mintaqalarda ham taqdim etildi va koʻplab bozorlarda gibrid avtomobillarni sota boshladi.

== Tarix ==

=== 1980-yillar: F1 loyihasi ===
Lexus brendi Yaponiyaning Nissan va Honda kompaniyalari o‘zlarining Infiniti va Acura premium brendlarini yaratgan paytda tashkil topgan. Yaponiya hukumati AQSh bozoriga ixtiyoriy eksport cheklovlarini joriy qilgan, shuning uchun yapon avtomobil ishlab chiqaruvchilari uchun qimmatroq avtomobillarni AQShga eksport qilish foydaliroq bo‘lgan.

1983-yilda Toyota kompaniyasi raisi Eyji Toyoda kompaniyaga dunyoning eng yaxshi avtomobilini yaratish vazifasini qo‘ydi<ref name=m43>{{Harvard citation no brackets|May|2006|p=43}}</ref>. '''F1''' (Flagship One)<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|May|2006|p=42}}</ref> deb nomlangan loyiha, Toyota kompaniyasining premium segmentida mahsulot qatorini kengaytirish maqsadida Lexus LS 400 avtomobilini ishlab chiqdi<ref name=pr>{{cite web|url=http://www.autolinedetroit.tv/autoline/watch.php?stream=927|title=How Lexus Was Successful in the U.S. (interview)|year=2006|format=WMV|last=Press|first=Jim|access-date=5 March 2006|publisher=Auto Line Detroit|archive-date=6 February 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060206080335/http://www.autolinedetroit.tv/autoline/watch.php?stream=927|url-status=live}}</ref>. F1 loyihasi [[Toyota Supra]] sport avtomobili va Toyota Mark II premium modellaridan ilhomlanilgan edi<ref>{{Cite news |last=White |first=John |title=New Route for Japanese Cars: Luxury |newspaper=The Boston Globe |date=23 October 1989}}</ref>. Supra va Mark II orqa g‘ildirak harakatlantiruvchisiga, kuchli 7M-GE yoki 7M-GTE oltilik dvigatelga ega avtomobillar edi. Toyota tomonidan o‘sha paytda ishlab chiqarilgan eng katta sedan 1960-yillardan qolgan, cheklangan miqdorda ishlab chiqarilgan Toyota Century edi. Bu avtomobil qo‘lda yig‘iladigan, V8 dvigatelli, faqat Yaponiyadagi iste'molchilar uchun mo‘ljallangan limuzin edi<ref name=d6/>. Toyota Crown esa oltilik dvigatelga ega premium sedan bo‘lib<ref name=d6>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Dawson|2004|pp=6–7, 63}}</ref><ref name=l16>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Long|2001|pp=16–21}}</ref> , 1982-yildan keyin eksport qilinishi rejalashtirilmagan edi<ref name=l16/>. F1 dizaynerlari yangi sedanni xalqaro bozorga yo‘naltirib, yangi V8 dvigatelni ishlab chiqishni boshladi<ref name=d6/><ref name=l16/>.

1980-yillarda Yaponiya avtomobil ishlab chiqaruvchilari Yapon hukumatining AQSh savdo vakillari bilan kelishilgan ixtiyoriy eksport cheklovlari tufayli qimmatroq modellarni eksport qila boshladi<ref>{{Harvnb|Dawson|2004|pp=xix, 28}}</ref>. 1986-yilda Honda AQShda Acura brendini ishga tushirdi. Bu Toyota o‘zining premium bo‘limini yaratish rejalari uchun turtki berdi<ref name=d109>{{Harvnb|Dawson|2004|p=109}}</ref>. Acuraning ilk modeli Honda Legendning eksport varianti bo‘lib, Yaponiyada 1985-yilda Toyota Crown, Nissan Cedric/Gloria va Mazda Luce kabilarga raqobatchi sifatida chiqarildi<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zakzak.co.jp/society/domestic/news/20100716/dms1007161623011-n2.htm |title=Honda's premium sedan, "Legend" |language=ja |work=Sankei Shimbun |date=16 July 2010 |access-date=31 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723233902/http://www.zakzak.co.jp/society/domestic/news/20100716/dms1007161623011-n2.htm |archive-date=23 July 2010}}</ref>. 1987-yilda Nissan o‘zining premium brendi Infiniti haqidagi rejalarini oshkor qildi<ref name=d72>{{Harvnb|Dawson|2004|pp=72, 88, 116}}</ref> va 1990-yilda Q45 modelini AQShga eksport qilish uchun tayyorladi<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gazoo.com/meishakan/meisha/shousai.asp?R_ID=5498&ex_spec=shousai |title=Profile: 1990 Nissan President |language=ja |publisher=Gazoo |access-date=31 January 2011 |year=2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040811183017/http://gazoo.com/meishakan/meisha/shousai.asp?R_ID=5498&ex_spec=shousai |archive-date=11 August 2004}}</ref>. Mazda esa 1988-yilda Luce modelini AQShda Mazda 929 nomi bilan sota boshladi va keyinchalik Amati nomli yuqori toifadagi brendni yaratishni rejalashtirdi, ammo bu rejalari amalga oshmadi<ref name=d72/>.

Toyota tadqiqotchilari 1985-yil may oyida AQShga tashrif buyurib, lyuks iste'molchilar haqida bozor tadqiqotlari o‘tkazdi<ref name=d35>{{Harvnb|Dawson|2004|pp=35, 41}}</ref>. F1 dizaynerlarining bir nechtasi [[Laguna Beach (California)|Laguna-Beach]]<nowiki/>da ([[Kaliforniya]])da uy ijaraga olib, amerikalik yuqori sinf iste’molchilarining turmush tarzi va didlarini o'rganishdi<ref name=d35/>. Shu bilan birga, F1 muhandislik jamoalari [[Germaniya]] avtotrassalari va AQSh yo‘llarida prototip sinovlarini o‘tkazdi<ref name=ed>{{cite web|url=http://www.edmunds.com/lexus/|title=Edmunds.com Lexus Overview|publisher=Edmunds.com|access-date=23 May 2011|archive-date=24 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224032742/https://www.edmunds.com/lexus/|url-status=live}}</ref>. Toyota bozor tadqiqotlari natijasida yangi sedan uchun alohida brend va sotuv kanallari zarurligi ma’lum bo‘ldi va AQSh bozorida yangi dilerlik tarmog‘ini rivojlantirish rejalari tuzildi<ref>{{Harvnb|Morgan|Liker|2006|p=121}}</ref>.

== Manbalar ==