Marcha Real sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{{Madhiya bilgiqutisi
|nomi= Marcha Real
|tasvir=[[Fayl:La Marcha Granadera (1761).jpg|La_Marcha_Granadera_(1761)|center|250px]]
|izoh= 1761 nota musiqa
|mamlakat=[[Ispaniya]]
|soʻz muallifi= „La Marcha Granadera“ (English: The Grenadier March)
|soʻzi_yozilgan_kuni=
|bastakor=Bartolomé Pérez Casas (orkestr, 1908), Francisco Grau (uyg'unlashtirish, 1997)
|qabul_qilindi=	1770-yil 3-sentyabr
|fayl=Marcha Real-Royal March by US Navy Band.ogg}}
'''Marcha Real''' (ispancha talaffuzi: [ˈmaɾtʃa reˈal]; „Qirollik marshi“) – [[Ispaniya]] davlat madhiyasi. Marcha Realning [[Bosniya va Gersegovina]], [[San-Marino]] va [[Kosovo]] madhiyalari kabi rasmiy matni yoʻq<ref>{{veb manbasi|url=http://nationalanthems.me/spain-marcha-real/|title=Spain – Marcha Real|publisher=NationalAnthems.me|access-date=2011-11-23|arxivsana=2018-06-26|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626193517/http://www.nationalanthems.me/spain-marcha-real}}</ref>. Ilgari qoʻshiq soʻzlari boʻlgan boʻlsa-da, ular endi ishlatilmaydi.

== Tarixi ==
Dunyodagi eng qadimiy madhiyalardan biri boʻlgan [[Ispaniya]] milliy madhiyasi birinchi boʻlib 1761-yilda Libro de la Ordenanza de los Toques de Pífanos (Book of the Ordinance of Newly Played Military Fife and Drum Calls by The Spanish Infantry) nomli hujjatda chop etilgan. Manuel de Espinosa tomonidan kuylangan va ijrosi harbiy [[Fife]] va [[baraban]] orqali amalga oshiriladi. Madhiya qoʻshiq „La Marcha Granadera“ ([[Ingliz tili|inglizcha]]: „Grenadiers marti“) deb nomlanadi. Hujjatga koʻra, bastakori Manuel de Espinosa de los Monteros hisobalanadi.

Baʼzi manbalarda uning muallifi Prussiyalik Fridrix II degan notoʻgʻri tushuncha mavjud. Bu notoʻgʻri qarash 1861-yilda La España militar (Harbiy Ispaniya) davriy nashrida maqola eʼlon qilinganida paydo boʻlgan. 1864-yilda polkovnik Antonio Vallesillo bu voqeani „El Espíritu Público“ („Jamoat ruhi“) kundaligida eʼlon qilib, Marcha Realning Prussiyadan kelib chiqishini taxmin qildi. Vallesilloning soʻzlariga koʻra, madhiya Fridrix II buyrugʻi bilan Fridrix II armiyasi tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan. 1868-yilda bu soxta qarash Los Sucesosda gazetasida nashr etilgan. Shuningdek, 1884 va 1903-yillardagi turli nashrlarda toʻplanib, 1908-yilda Espasa Ensiklopediyasiga kiritildi.

1770-yilda Charlz III „Marcha de Granaderos“ni rasmiy faxriy marsh deb eʼlon qildi, bu uni omma oldida, ayniqsa tantanali marosimlarda ijro etish anʼanasini rasmiylashtirdi. Marcha Real Izabel II hukmronligi davrida [[Ispaniya]]ning rasmiy madhiyasiga aylandi.

1868-yilgi inqilobdan soʻng, 1870-yilda general [[Juan Prim, 1st Count of Reus|General Juan Prim]] yangi rasmiy davlat madhiyasini yaratish uchun milliy tanlov uyushtirdi va gʻolibni aniqlash uchun uchta taniqli bastakordan iborat hakamlar hay’ati tanlandi. 400 dan ortiq [[kompozitsiya]]lar, jumladan, yosh bastakorlar [[Federico Chueca]], [[Ruperto Chapí]] va [[Tomás Bretón]] tomonidan yozilgan kompozitsiyalar taqdim etilgan boʻlsa-da, yangi madhiya tanlanmagan. Keng muhokamalardan soʻng, hakamlar hay’ati „Marcha de Granaderos“ mamlakatning rasmiy madhiyasi deb hisoblanishi va tanlov toʻxtatilishini eʼlon qildi<ref name="Caminero2019">{{kitob manbasi|author=Francisco Javier Molero Caminero|title=Hasta aquí hemos llegado: Recopilación histórica de la vieja piel de toro|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FPujDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA487|date=26 June 2019|publisher=Punto Rojo Libros S.L.|isbn=978-84-17988-93-7|page=487|language=es-ES}}</ref>. [[Alfonso XIII]] tomonidan 1908-yil 27-avgustdagi Qirollik sirkulyar buyrugʻi bilan Halberdier gvardiyasi qirollik korpusining musiqachisi Bartolome Peres Kasas tomonidan tuzilgan musiqiy nota rasmiy versiya sifatida bastalandi. U anʼanaviy ravishda „Grenadier marti“ yoki „Qirollik ispan marshi“ sifatida tanilgan. Ispaniya Ikkinchi Respublikasi davrida Himno de Riego respublika madhiyasi sifatida qabul qilingan<ref name="Mateos2010">{{kitob manbasi|author=María del Rosario Ruiz Mateos|title=Manual de Protocolo General. Formación para el Empleo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TutCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA81|date=21 October 2010|publisher=EDITORIAL CEP|isbn=978-84-681-8473-9|page=81}}</ref>.

Peres Kasas oʻrnini egallagan „Marcha Real“ning haqiqiy simfonik versiyasi maestro Fransisko Grau tomonidan yozilgan. Ispaniya Qirolligi Graudan „Marcha Real“ mualliflik huquqlarini sotib olgan va 1997-yil 10-oktyabrdagi Qirollik farmonidan keyin rasmiy hisoblanadi. 1560/1997-sonli Qirollik farmoniga koʻra, u B-flat major kalitida va tezligi 76 zarba/daqiqada (♩=76), AABB shaklida va 52 soniya davom etishi kerak.

== Joriy versiya ==
1560/1997-sonli Qirollik farmonida taʼriflanganidek, „Marcha Real“ning joriy rasmiy versiyasi oʻn olti bardan iborat boʻlib, ikki boʻlimga boʻlingan, har biri toʻrtta takroriy bardan iborat (AABB shakli). Temp ♩= 76 ga, tugma esa B-flatga bastalanadi<ref>{{jurnal manbasi|title=Real Decreto 1560/1997, de 10 de octubre, por el que se regula el Himno Nacional|journal=Boletín Oficial del Estado|date=11 October 1997|volume=1997|issue=244|url=http://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-1997-21605}}</ref>.

Uzun, toʻliq versiyadan qirol foydalanadi. Qisqaroq versiyasidan esa Ispaniya hukumati prezidenti [[Avstriya]] malikasini qabul qilishda yoki sport tadbirlarida foydalaniladi.

Shuningdek, uchta rasmiy aranjirovka mavjud: biri orkestr uchun, ikkinchisi harbiy orkestr uchun va uchinchisi organ uchun Fransisko Grau Vegara tomonidan yozilgan va Ispaniya hukumati tomonidan tasdiqlangan. Umuman olganda, har bir aranjirovka va uzunlik uchun olti xil rasmiy moslashuv mavjud. Ularning barchasi Ispaniya milliy orkestri va Ispaniya qirollik gvardiyasi guruhi tomonidan rasmiy ravishda yozilgan va cheklangan kompakt diskda chiqarilgan.

=== Mualliflik huquqi bilan bogʻliq muammolar ===
„Marcha Real“ning musiqasi XX asr boshida Pérez Casas tomonidan yozilganligi sababli mualliflik huquqi hali tugamagan. Hukumat uni 1997-yilda Pérez Casasning mulkidan 130 million peset (781 315,734 evro) evaziga kelajakdagi huquqiy muammolarni oldini olish uchun sotib olgan<ref>{{jurnal manbasi|title=Real Decreto 1543/1997, de 3 de octubre, sobre adquisición por el Estado de los derechos de explotación de determinadas obras musicales y encomienda de su administración al Ministerio de Educación y Cultura|journal=Boletín Oficial del Estado|date=10 October 1997|volume=1997|issue=243|url=http://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-1997-21524}}</ref>. Muddati tugaguniga qadar mualliflik huquqi Madaniyat vazirligiga tegishli boʻlib, baʼzi jamiyatlar mualliflik huquqi uchun toʻlov oladi, bu esa tanqidlarga sabab boʻldi<ref>[http://www.elmundo.es/suplementos/cronica/2007/604/1180216804.html „El himno da aún mucho dinero“]. Crónica. #604. May 27, 2007. <br />
[http://blogs.periodistadigital.com/24por7.php/2007/05/27/himno_nacional_propiedad_derechos_4569 „Cuando el himno es de un particular“]. Periodista Digital. May 27, 2007.</ref>.

Natijada, ijrochilar tomonidan pul toʻlamaslik uchun koʻplab turli xil sabablar vujudga kelgan. Shunga qaramay, 1997-yilgi Fransisko Grau tahririga boʻlgan huquqlar hukumatga bepul oʻtkazildi, ammo ular jamoat mulkiga kiritilmadi<ref>{{jurnal manbasi|title=Real Decreto 2027/1998, de 18 de septiembre, de aceptación de la cesión gratuita efectuada por el maestro don Francisco Grau Vergara de los derechos de explotación por la revisión y orquestación del Himno Nacional y atribución de la administración de tales derechos al Ministerio de Educación y Cultura|journal=Boletín Oficial del Estado|date=29 September 1998|volume=1998|issue=233|url=http://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-1998-22549}}</ref>.

== Musiqa ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="600" perrow="1">
File:Marcha_Real_de_España.pdf|Marcha Realning fortepiano yozuvlari
</gallery>

== Qoʻshiq matni ==
„Marcha Real“ning rasmiy matni boʻlmasa-da, oʻtmishda uning uchun soʻzlar yozilgan va ishlatilgan. Bir versiyasi [[Alfonso XIII of Spain|Alfonso XIII]] davrida, ikkinchisi esa [[Francisco Franco]] davrida ishlatilgan. Ammo, ularning hech biri hech qachon rasmiylashtirilmagan. Milliy madhiya 1978-yildan beri soʻzsiz yangradi, general Franco tomonidan tasdiqlangan qoʻshiq matni bekor qilingan<ref>{{yangiliklar manbasi |last=Elkington |first=Mark |title=Divisive national anthem lyrics ditched |agency=Reuters |date=January 16, 2008 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/oddlyEnoughNews/idUSN1610811820080116 |access-date=August 24, 2016}}</ref>.

=== Qoʻshiqlar tanlovi ===
2007-yilda Enfildda „[[You'll Never Walk Alone]]“ qoʻshigʻining ijrosiga guvoh boʻlgan Ispaniya Olimpiya qoʻmitasi (COE) prezidenti Alexandro Blanko Madridning „La Marcha Real“ qoʻshigʻiga qoʻshiq soʻzlarini izlashdan ilhomlanganini aytgan<ref>[http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/070605/2/sufb.html Liverpool fans help inspire Spain to write words to anthem] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080202174214/http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/070605/2/sufb.html |date=2008-02-02 }} Reuters, 5 June 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.nbcnews.com/id/19442872 Spain to add lyrics to wordless national anthem] [[NBC News]], 26 June 2007</ref>. Oʻsha yili Telecinco KOE tomonidan milliy tanlov uyushtirildi va oʻz veb-saytida COE talablariga eng mos keladigan 25 xil qoʻshiq soʻzlarini joylashtirdi. 40 000 kishi ovoz bergan va gʻolib aniqlangan. [[Enrique Hernández-Luike]] tomonidan yozilgan soʻzlar qabul qilingan. Matn Pastrana shahridagi Ronda de Aranzueque xori tomonidan kuylangan va nemis televideniyesi tomonidan suratga olingan<ref>{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.lacronica.net/una-nueva-letra-para-el-himno-nacional-se-pone-de-largo-21688.htm|title=El concurso para poner letra al Himno Nacional de la web de Telecinco ya tiene ganador|language=es|date=September 20, 2007|publisher=La Crónica de Guadalajara|access-date=May 10, 2018|arxivsana=2018-06-20|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620203748/https://www.lacronica.net/una-nueva-letra-para-el-himno-nacional-se-pone-de-largo-21688.htm}}</ref>. Biroq, COE qoʻshiq matnlari uchun yangi tanlov uyushtirdi, natijada 2000 dan 7000 gacha (manbaga qarab) arizalar kelib tushdi. Hakamlar hay’atini Paulino Kuberoning arizasini tanladi. Yangi qoʻshiqlar tanqidga uchradi.

Bugungi kunda Ispaniyaning bir qator avtonom jamoalari oʻzlarining mintaqaviy madhiyalariga ega.

== Avvalgi matnlar ==
=== Alfonso XIII hukmronligi davridagi matnlar ===
<poem lang="es" style="margin-right:2em; float:left;">'''La bandera de España''' (Coro)
Gloria, gloria, corona de la Patria,
soberana luz
que es oro en tu Pendón.
Vida, vida, futuro de la Patria,
que en tus ojos es
abierto corazón…!
Púrpura y oro: bandera inmortal;
en tus colores, juntas, carne y alma están.
Púrpura y oro: querer y lograr;
Tú eres, bandera, el signo del humano afán.

'''España guiadora''' (Solo)
¡Pide, España! ¡Tu nombre llevaremos
donde quieras tú;
que honrarlo es nuestra ley!
¡Manda, España, y unidos lucharemos,
porque vivas tú,
sin tregua pueblo y rey!
Una bandera gloriosa nos das;
¡nadie, viviendo, España, nos la arrancará!
Para que, un día, nos pueda cubrir,
¡danos, España, el gozo de morir por ti!

'''¡Viva España!…''' (Coro)
¡Viva España! Del grito de la Patria,
la explosión triunfal
abrió camino al sol;
¡Viva España! repiten veinte pueblos
y al hablar dan fe
del ánimo español…
¡Marquen arado martillo y clarín
su noble ritmo al grito de la Patria fe!
¡Guíe la mente a la mano hasta el fin,
al „Viva España“ asista toda España en pie!</poem>
<poem style="float:left;">'''Flag of Spain''' (Chorus)
Glory, glory, crown of the Fatherland
sovereign light
which in your standard is gold.
Life, life, future of the Fatherland,
in your eyes it is
an open heart
Purple and gold: immortal flag;
in your colors, together, flesh and soul are.
Purple and gold: to want and to achieve;
You are, flag, the sign of human effort.

'''Spain guiding''' (Solo)
Ask of us, Spain! Your name we will take
anywhere you want;
because honoring it is our law!
Command us, Spain, and united we will fight,
so that you may live,
relentless people and king!
You give us a glorious flag;
Nobody, who is alive, Spain, will take it from us!
So that, one day, we can be covered by it,
Give us, Spain, the joy of dying for you!

'''Long live Spain! …''' (Chorus)
Long live Spain! The cry of the Fatherland,
the triumphant explosion
Has opened the way to the sun;
Long live Spain! repeated twenty peoples
and when they speak they have faith
in the Spanish will …
Mark plow hammer and bugle
your noble rhythm at the cry of the Fatherland faith!
Guide the mind and the hand until the end,
the „Long Live Spain“ Spain attends all standing!</poem>{{Clear|left}}

=== Franko davri matni ===
Alfonso XIII va Migel Primo de Rivera hukumati davrida Xose Mariya Peman (1897-1981) tomonidan 1928-yilda yozilgan oldingi versiyadan moslashtirilgan qoʻshiq matni hisoblanadi.

<poem lang="es" style="margin-right:1em; float:left;">¡Viva España! Alzad los brazos, hijos
''(original in J. M. Pemán: Viva España, alzad la frente, hijos)''
del pueblo español, que vuelve a resurgir.

Gloria a la Patria que supo seguir,
sobre el azul del mar, el caminar del sol.

¡Triunfa España! Los yugos y las flechas
''(original in J. M. Pemán: ¡Triunfa España! Los yunques y las ruedas)''
cantan al compás del himno de la fe.

Juntos con ellos cantemos de pie
la vida nueva y fuerte del trabajo y paz.

¡Viva España! Alzad los brazos, hijos
''(original in J. M. Pemán: Viva España, alzad la frente, hijos)''
del pueblo español, que vuelve a resurgir.

Gloria a la Patria que supo seguir,
sobre el azul del mar, el caminar del sol.</poem>
<poem style="margin-right:1em; float:left;">Long live Spain! Raise your arms, sons
''(original in J. M. Pemán: Long live Spain! Raise your foreheads, sons)''
of the Spanish People, which rebirths anew.

Glory to the Fatherland that knew how to follow,
over the Ocean blue, the course of the setting sun.

Triumph, Spain! The yokes and the arrows
''(original in J. M.ª Pemán: Triumph, Spain! The anvils and the wheels)''
sing to the rhythm of the anthem of faith.

Letʼs stand and sing along with them
for the new and strong life of work and peace.

Long live Spain! Raise your arms, sons
''(original in J. M.ª Pemán: Long live Spain! Raise your foreheads, sons)''
of the Spanish People, which rebirths anew.

Glory to the Fatherland that knew how to follow,
over the Ocean blue, the course of the setting sun.</poem>{{Clear|left}}

== Tarjima va odob-axloq qoidalari ==
Ispaniya Qurolli Kuchlari va Ispaniya Milliy Politsiya Korpusining harbiy orkestrlari hamda fuqarolik marsh orkestrlari va konsert guruhlari madhiyaning zarbli ansambllar uchun moslashtirilgan B flat-major versiyasi va (Fransisko Grau tomonidan aranjirovka qilinganidek) A asosiy versiyasini ijro etadilar.

Ispaniya qiroli va qirolichasi sharafiga milliy madhiya yangragandan keyin hamma uchun turishi odatiy holga aylangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{Manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==
* [http://www.csd.gob.es/csd/informacion/himno-nacional/ El Himno Nacional Español se encuentra regulado por el Real Decreto 1.560/1997, de 10 de Octubre]{{Oʻlikhavola|date=oktabr 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/espana/simbolosdelestado/Paginas/audiohimno.aspx The National Anthem (Prime Minister’s Office site)]
* [http://nationalanthems.me/spain-marcha-real/ Streaming audio, lyrics and information about the Marcha Real] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626193517/http://www.nationalanthems.me/spain-marcha-real |date=2018-06-26 }}
* [http://gospain.about.com/od/spanishlife/qt/anthem_english.htm 2008 Spanish National Anthem Lyrics in English] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713022816/http://gospain.about.com/od/spanishlife/qt/anthem_english.htm |date=2014-07-13 }} and [http://gospain.about.com/od/spanishlife/qt/anthem_spanish.htm in Spanish] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713014646/http://gospain.about.com/od/spanishlife/qt/anthem_spanish.htm |date=2014-07-13 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050415095901/http://www.lengua-translations.de/anthems/spain.mid MIDI File]
* [http://www.partidopopular.us/simbolos/espana.mp3 MP3 version by Band of Regimento Inmemorial del Rey N°1 ]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041022192532/http://www.unamu.org/musica/espanola/himnonacional.htm UNANU] – The „Union Nacional de Antiguos Oficiales y Suboficiales de las Milicias Universitarias“ has a website about the anthem, with a complete instrumental version. Archived from [http://www.unamu.org/musica/espanola/himnonacional.htm the original] on 22 October 2004.
* [http://gospain.about.com/od/spanishlife/qt/anthem_english.htm English translation of the proposed new lyrics] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713022816/http://gospain.about.com/od/spanishlife/qt/anthem_english.htm |date=2014-07-13 }}
[[Turkum:Ispaniya]]