Muhammad al-Boqir sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{{Infobox religious biography
| honorific_prefix   = [[Imom]]
| name               = Muhammad al-Boqir
| native_name        = محمد الباقر
| native_name_lang   = ar
| honorific_suffix   = [[Oʻn ikki imom]]li [[Shialik|shia]]larning beshinchi [[Oʻn ikki imomlik aqidasi|imomi]]
| birth_name         = 
| image              = Petrograd, № 923-Dorn 312 Khorasan merchants before Muhammad ibn Ali al-Baqir.jpg
| birth_date         = {{circa|676}}
| birth_place        = {{tavalludJoyi|Madina (shahar){{!}}Madina|Madina}}, [[Hijoz]], [[Damashq xalifaligi|Umaviylar xalifaligi]]
| death_date         = {{circa|732}}
| death_place        = {{vafotJoyi|Madina}}, Umaviylar xalifaligi
| death_cause        = Zaharlanish{{efn|Aksariyat shia ulamolariga ko‘ra, u [[Hishom ibn Abdulmalik]] tomonidan zaharlangan, sunniy olimlar esa u tabiiy o‘lim bilan vafot etgan deb hisoblashadi.}}
| resting_place      = [[Baqi’|Jannat al-Baqiy]], Madina
| resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|24|28|1|N|39|36|50.21|E|type:landmark|display=inline}}
| title              =
| office1            = 5-[[Oʻn ikki imomlik aqidasi||Shia imomi]]
| term_start1        = 712
| term_end1          = 732
| predecessor1       = [[Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin|Ali al-Sajjad]]
| successor1         = [[Jaʼfar as-Sodiq]]
| religion           = [[Shia Islomi]]
| spouse             = {{plainlist|
* [[Ummu Farva]]
* Ummu Hakim binti Usayd ibn al-Mug‘iyra as-Saqafiy
}}
| children           = {{plainlist|
*[[Jaʼfar as-Sodiq]]<ref name="qurashi3">{{cite book |last=al-Qarashi |first=Baqir Shareef |title=The life of Imam Mohammad al-Baqir |publisher=Ansariyan Publications |location=Qum |chapter=3}}</ref>
* Ibrohim,<ref name="qurashi3"/>
* [[Sulton Ali|ʿAlī]],<ref name="qurashi3"/>
* ʿAbd Allāh,<ref name="qurashi3"/>
* Ahmad,<ref name="qurashi3"/>
* ʿUbayd Allāh,<ref name="qurashi3"/>
* Zaynab,<ref name="qurashi3"/>
* Umm Salama.<ref name="qurashi3"/>
}}
| parents            = {{plainlist|
* [[Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin|Ali al-Sajjad]]
* [[Fotima binti Hasan]]
}}
| relatives          =
| image_size         =
| background         = #CEF2CE
| caption            = Xuroson savdogarlari hay’atining al-Boqirni (markazda) ziyorat qilayotgani tasvirlangan surat (1526-yil)
}}
'''Muhammad ibn Ali al-Boqir''' ({{lang-ar|محمد بن علي الباقر|translit=Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Bāqir}}; tax. 676 — tax. 732) — [[Qurʼonda ismi kelgan paygʻambarlar|Islom paygʻambari]] [[Muhammad]]ning avlodi va [[Shialik|shia]]likdagi [[Oʻn ikki imomlik aqidasi|oʻn ikki imom]]ning beshinchisi boʻlgan. U otasi [[Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin|Ali ibn Husayn Zaynulobidin]]dan keyin imomlikni qabul qilgan va undan soʻng oʻgʻli [[Jaʼfar as-Sodiq]] imom boʻlgan. Muhammadning al-Boqir faxriy unvoni „Boqir al-ilm“ soʻzining qisqartmasi boʻlib, „bilimlarni yorib ochuvchi“ degan maʼnoni anglatadi va bu uning din olimi sifatidagi shuhratiga ishoradir.

Muhammad taxminan [[Bizning era|milodiy]] 676-yilda [[Madina (shahar)|Madina]]da tugʻilgan. 680-yilda, u hali kichik bola boʻlganida, [[Karbalo jangi]]ga guvoh boʻladi. Bu jangda uning bobosi [[Husayn ibn Ali]] va qarindoshlarining aksariyati [[Umaviylar]] [[Damashq xalifaligi|xalifasi]] [[Yazid I|Yazid ibn Muoviya]] (hukmronligi 680–683-yillar) qoʻshinlari tomonidan qirgʻin qilinadi. Taxminan 712-yilda otasi vafot etgach, Muhammad uning aksariyat izdoshlari tomonidan navbatdagi [[imom]] sifatida tan olinadi. Bu izdoshlar imomiylar boʻlib, ular hozirgi shia musulmonlarining koʻpchiligi hisoblangan [[oʻn ikki imom]]chilar va [[ismoiliylar]]ning oʻtmishdoshlari edi. Biroq oʻsha davrda bu siyosiy faol boʻlmagan guruh Umaviylarga qarshi harakat qilgan boshqa raqib shia guruhlariga nisbatan ozchilikni tashkil etardi. [[Zaydiylar]] ana shunday raqib guruhlardan biri edi. Ular al-Boqirdan ancha yosh boʻlgan oʻgay ukasi [[Zayd ibn Ali]]ga ergashganlar. Zayd al-Boqirning vafotidan koʻp oʻtmay muvaffaqiyatsiz qoʻzgʻolon koʻtargan edi. Al-Boqir esa, aksincha, otasi singari siyosiy jihatdan faol boʻlmagan, lekin shunga qaramay, Umaviylar, ayniqsa, xalifa Hishom (hukmronligi 724–743-yillar) tomonidan taʼqibga uchragan.

Muhammad al-Boqir Madinada taqvodorona va ilmiy hayot kechirib, oʻziga tobora koʻproq izdoshlar, shogirdlar va ziyoratchilarni jalb qilgan. U yigirma yillik imomligi davomida oʻn ikki imom shialigining aqidaviy va huquqiy asoslarini yaratgan deb hisoblanadi. Shuningdek, uni ismoiliy va zaydiy fiqhining asoschisi deb ham eʼtirof etish mumkin. Bundan tashqari, u Qur’onning oʻn ikki imom shialigi tafsiriga salmoqli hissa qoʻshgan. Al-Boqir shogirdlarining aksariyati hozirgi [[Iroq]] hududidagi [[Kufa]] shahrida istiqomat qilgan va ularning koʻpchiligi keyinchalik atoqli shia faqihlari va hadisshunoslariga aylangan. [[Zurora ibn Aʼyon]] kabi baʼzi shogirdlari (shia) imomlari belgilab bergan umumiy ilohiy-huquqiy doiradan chetga chiqqan mustaqil qarashlarni maʼqullamagan al-Boqir bilan gohida ixtilof qilgan boʻlishi ham mumkin. [[Ahl as-Sunna val-Jamoa|Sunniylik]]da al-Boqir fiqh va hadis ilmida nufuzli olim sifatida tan olinadi, biroq shialikka qarshi va sunniylikning ilk namoyandasi sifatida tasvirlanadi.

Aksariyat shia manbalariga koʻra, Muhammad al-Boqir taxminan 732-yilda Umaviylar tomonidan zaharlab oʻldirilgan. U [[Madina (shahar)|Madina]]dagi [[Baqi’|Baqi qabristoni]]ga dafn etilgan, biroq qabri ustidagi maqbara [[Vahhobiylik|vahhobiylar]] tomonidan ikki marotaba buzib tashlangan. Al-Boqirning oʻrnini toʻngʻich oʻgʻli [[Jaʼfar as-Sodiq]] egallab, shia ilohiyoti va fiqhini yanada rivojlantirgan.

== Nasl-nasabi ==

Muhammad al-Boqir [[Qurʼonda ismi kelgan paygʻambarlar|Islom paygʻambari]] [[Muhammad]]ning avlodi boʻlib, u zotning shajarasi paygʻambarning har ikki nabirasi — oʻn ikki shia imomining ikkinchisi va uchinchisi boʻlgan [[Hasan ibn Ali|Hasan]] va [[Husayn ibn Ali|Husayn]]ga borib taqaladi. Aniqrogʻi, al-Boqirning otasi Husaynning oʻgʻli, [[oʻn ikki imom]]ning toʻrtinchisi [[Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin|Ali Zaynulobidin as-Sajjod]] edi. Muhammadning onasi [[Fotima binti Hasan|Fotima Ummu Abdulloh]] boʻlib, ona tomondan bobosi esa Hasan boʻlgan{{Sfn|Kohlberg|2012a}}.

Hasan va Husayn birinchi [[Imomiylar|shia imomi]] [[Ali|Ali ibn Abu Tolib]]ning Islom paygʻambari qizi [[Fotima]]dan koʻrgan toʻngʻich oʻgʻillari edi{{Sfn|Kohlberg|2012a}}.

== Unvonlari ==
Muhammadning [[Kunya|''kunyasi'']] Abu Jaʼfar,{{sfn|Buckley|2020}} faxriy unvoni esa al-Boqirdir. Bu unvon „baqir al-ilm“ soʻzining qisqartmasi boʻlib, „bilimni yoruvchi“ (yuzaga chiqaruvchi) yoki „katta ilm sohibi“ degan maʼnolarni anglatadi. Har ikkala maʼno ham Muhammadning din olimi sifatidagi shuhratiga ishora qiladi{{Sfn|Kohlberg|2012a}}.

Baʼzi manbalarga koʻra, Muhammad tirikligidayoq al-Boqir unvoni bilan tanilgan. Shia manbalarida aytilishicha, bu unvonni Islom paygʻambari bergan va u oʻz salomini al-Boqirni bolaligida koʻrishga muvaffaq boʻlgan [[Sahoba|sahobasi]] [[Jobir ibn Abdulloh]] orqali yetkazgan{{sfn|Kohlberg|2012a}}{{Sfn|Pierce|2016|pp=97{{ndash}}98}}{{Sfn|Lalani|2000|pp=38{{ndash}}40}}. Yana bir shia rivoyatiga koʻra, al-Boqirning zamondoshi boʻlgan [[Hishom ibn Abdulmalik|xalifa Hishom]] uni kamsitib, {{Transliteration|ar|al-baqara}} (soʻzma-soʻz „sigir“) deb atagan. Bu ham uning tirikligida shu unvon bilan tanilganini koʻrsatadi. Bu voqea xalifaning al-Boqirning oʻgay ukasi [[Zayd ibn Ali]] bilan uchrashuvi chogʻida yuz bergan. Zayd Hishomga tanbeh berib, al-Boqir unvonini Islom paygʻambari tomonidan berilganini aytgan{{Sfn|Lalani|2000|p=40}}.

== Oila ==
Muhammad al-Boqir [[Ummu Farva]]ga uylangan va ularning ikki oʻgʻil farzandi boʻlgan. Ulardan biri Jaʼfar boʻlib, u keyinchalik al-Boqirning vorisi boʻlgan. Al-Boqirning yana bir xotini Usayd as-Saqafiyning qizi Ummu Hakim edi. Bu nikohdan ham ikki oʻgʻil dunyoga kelgan, biroq ularning ikkisi ham goʻdakligida vafot etgan. Al-Boqirning kanizagidan tugʻilgan yana uch oʻgʻli boʻlgan. Shia nasabshunosi Alaviy al-Umariyning yozishicha, al-Boqirning nasli faqat Jaʼfar orqali davom etgan{{sfn|Taremi|2014}}.

{{Ajdodlar
|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|1= 1. '''Muhammad al-Baqir'''
|2= 2. [[Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin]]
|3= 3. [[Fotima binti Hasan]]
|4= 4. [[Husayn ibn Ali]] 
|5= 5. [[Shahrbonu]]
|6= 6. [[Hasan ibn Ali]]
|7= 7. [[Ummu Isʼhoq binti Talha ibn Ubaydulloh|Umm Ishaq bint Talha]]
|8= 8. [[Ali|Ali ibn Abi Talib]] (= 12)
|9= 9. [[Fotima|Fatima bint Muhammad]] (= 13)
|10= 10. [[Yazdigard III|Fors shohi Yazdigard III]]
|11= 
|12= 12. [[Ali|Ali ibn Abi Talib]] (= 8)
|13= 13. [[Fotima|Fatima bint Muhammad]] (= 9)
|14= 14. [[Talha ibn Ubaydulloh]] 
|15= 15. Al-Jarba bint Qasama }}

== Yana qarang ==
{{Portal|Shia Islam|Islam}}
* [[Muhammadning shajarasi]]
* [[Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin|Ali al-Sajjad]]
* [[Jaʼfar as-Sodiq]]
* [[Jobir ibn Abdulloh]]
* [[Zayd ibn Ali]]
* [[Zaydiylar|Zaydizm]]
* [[Mashhad Ardehal]]

== Eslatmlar ==
{{reflist|30em}}

=== Izohlar ===
{{manbalar|group=lower-alpha}}

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

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* {{cite book|author-first=A.|author-last=Rippin|chapter=What Defines a (Pre-Modern) Shi'i {{Transliteration|ar|Tafsīr}}? Notes towards the History of the Genre of {{Transliteration|ar|Tafsīr}} in Islam, in the Light of the Shi’i Contribution|title=The Study of Shi’i Islam: History, Theology, and Law|editor1-first=F.|editor1-last=Daftary|editor2-first=G.|editor2-last=Miskinzoda|publisher=I. B. Tauris|year=2014|isbn=9781780765068|pages=95{{ndash}}112}}
* {{cite book|title=The Heirs of the Prophet: Charisma and Religious Authority in Shi'ite Islam|url=https://archive.org/details/heirsofprophetch0000liya|author-first=L.N.|author-last=Takim|publisher=State University of New York Press|year=2006|isbn=9780791467381}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |last1=Taremi |first1=H. |title=Al-Baqir, Muhammad ibn Ali |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of the World of Islam]] |date=2014 |volume=1 |url=https://rch.ac.ir/article/Details/5687 |publisher=[[Encyclopaedia Islamica Foundation]] |language=Persian |access-date=2026-07-21 |archivedate=2025-02-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250224085648/https://rch.ac.ir/article/Details/5687 }}
* {{cite encyclopedia|author-last=Vida|author-first=G.L.D.|title=K̲h̲ārid̲j̲ij̲tes|encyclopedia= Encyclopaedia of Islam|edition= First|editor1-first=M.Th.|editor1-last =Houtsma|editor2-first=T.W.|editor2-last=Arnold|editor3-first=R.|editor3-last=Basset|editor4-first=R.|editor4-last=Hartmann|year=2012|doi=10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_COM_0134 |url= http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_COM_0134|isbn=9789004082656|url-access=subscription}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|author-first=E.|author-last= Werner|title=Baqī' al-Gharqad|encyclopedia= Encyclopaedia of Islam|edition=Third|editor1-first=K.|editor1-last=Fleet|editor2-first= G.|editor2-last= Krämer|editor3-first=D.| editor3-last=Matringe| editor4-first=J.|editor4-last= Nawas|editor5-first=D. J.|editor5-last=Stewart|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875-9831_isla_SIM_00000066|
year=2010|doi= 10.1163/1875-9831_isla_SIM_00000066|isbn =9789004183902|s2cid= 240012569|url-access=subscription}}
{{refend}}

{{S-start}}
{{s-rel|sh}}
{{s-bef|before = [[Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin|Zayn al-‘Ābidīn]] ''([[Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin|‘Alī ibn Ḥusayn]])''}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Oʻn ikki imom|O‘n ikki]] [[Shialik|shia islomi]]ning 5-[[Imomiylar|imomi]] va [[Ismoiliy imomlar roʻyxati|4-]] [[Ismoiliylar|ismoiliy]] [[Shia Islom|shia]] imomi|years = 713–732}}
{{s-aft|after = [[Jaʼfar as-Sodiq|Jaʼfar ibn Muhammad al-Sodiq]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Shialik imomlari}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Muhammad Boqir}}
[[Turkum:7-asr arab shaxslari]]
[[Turkum:8-asr arab shaxslari]]
[[Turkum:Oʻn ikki imom]]
[[Turkum:Zaharlanish natijasida vafot etganlar]]
[[Turkum:Husayniylar]]
[[Turkum:Baqi qabristoniga dafn etilganlar]]