Rajaz sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

[[Fayl:Muqaddimat_Ibn_Rushd_al-Jadd.pdf|thumb| ''Muqaddimat Ibn Rushd'' (" Ibn Rushd al-Jadd muqaddimasi", faylasuf [[Ibn Rushd]]ning bobosi)ning urjuza (verifikatsiya) qo'lyozmasi.]]
'''Rajaz''' ( {{Lang|ar|رَجَز}}, soʻzma-soʻz tarjima qilinganda “Tuya orqasida bormoqchi boʻlganida paydo boʻlishi mumkin boʻlgan qoʻrquv talvasa, ” <ref>''The Penguin Anthology of Classical Arabic Literature'', ed. by Robert Irwin (London: Penguin, 1999).</ref> ) klassik arab sheʼriy janrida qoʻllanadigan oʻlchovdir . Bu metrda tuzilgan she'r ''urjūzadir'' . Hisoblagich qadimgi va klassik arab oyatlarining taxminan 3% ni tashkil qiladi.<ref>Bruno Paoli, 'Generative Linguistics and Arabic Metrics', in ''Towards a Typology of Poetic Forms: From Language to Metrics and Beyond'', ed. by Jean-Louis Aroui, Andy Arleo, Language Faculty and Beyond: Internl and External Variation in Linguistics, 2 (Amsterdam: Benjamins, 2009), pp. 193-208 (p. 203).</ref>

== Shakl ==
Bu shaklda  (asosiy oyoq) naqshlari mavjud '''⏓''' '''⏓''' '''⏑''' –)Monemonik '''('''''Tafoyat'') va qisqa boʻlishi mumkin boʻlgan biqabi va " '''⏓''' " {{Lang|ar|مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ}} qisqa boʻgʻinini anglatadi ''{{Transl|ar|DIN|Mustafʿilun Mustafʿilun Mustafʿilun}}'' ).<ref name="Classical Arabic Literature 2013 p. 93">''Classical Arabic Literature: A Library of Arabic Literature Anthology'', trans. by Geert Jan van Gelder (New York: New York University Press, 2013), p. 93.</ref> Har ikkala ancepslar bo'g'inining qisqa bo'lishi mustasno , lekin mumkin. Rajaz liniyalari ham yakuniy oyoq bilan catalecticturi bor bor | '''⏓''' – – |.<ref name="Wright, William 1896 p. 362">Wright, William (1896), ''A Grammar of the Arabic Language'', vol. 2, p. 362.</ref>

Chiziqlar koʻpincha uch futlik (trimetr), lekin ikki fut (dimetr) ham boʻlishi mumkin. Shunday qilib, mumkin boʻlgan shakllar:

: | '''⏓''' '''⏓''' '''⏑''' – | '''⏓''' '''⏓''' '''⏑''' – | '''⏓''' '''⏓''' '''⏑''' – | (trimetr)
: | '''⏓''' '''⏓''' '''⏑''' – | '''⏓''' '''⏓''' '''⏑''' – | '''⏓''' – – | (trimetr katalektikasi)
: | '''⏓''' '''⏓''' '''⏑''' – | '''⏓''' '''⏓''' '''⏑''' – | (dimetr)
: | '''⏓''' '''⏓''' '''⏑''' – | '''⏓''' – – | (dimetrli katalektik)

Klassik arab metrlari orasida noyob boʻlgan rajaz chiziqlari hemistishslarga yani yarim sherlarga boʻlinmaydi.<ref>''Classical Arabic Literature: A Library of Arabic Literature Anthology'', trans. by Geert Jan van Gelder (New York: New York University Press, 2013), p. xxiii.</ref> Ilk arab shoirlari <ref name="Wright, William 1896 p. 362"/> she’r davomida har bir satrni bir tovushga to'g'irlashgan<ref>Geert Jan van Gelder, 'Arabic Didactic Verse', in ''Centres of Learning: Learning and Location in Pre-Modern Europe and the Near East'', ed. by Jan Willem Drijvers and Alasdair A. MacDonald, Brill's Studies in Intellectual History, 61 (Leiden: Brill, 1995), pp. 103-18 (p. 107).</ref> ''Rajaz'' she'riyatining mashhur ko'rinishi ''muzdavij'' qofiyasi bo'lib, ''muzdavija'' deb nomlangan .<ref>''Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature'', ed. by Julie Scott Meisami, Paul Starkey, 2 vols (London: Routledge, 1998), s.v. 'Prosody (''‘arūḍ'')'.</ref>

Garchi arab metrlarining eng qadimgi turi keng qoʻllanadi  <ref name="Classical Arabic Literature 2013 p. 93"/> rajaz Islomdan oldingi va undan ham dastlabki davrlarda unchalik ko'p qo'llanilmagan , u qofiyalangan nasriy ''saj''' shakliga o'xshash (va ba'zida undan farq qilib bo'lmaydigan) sifatida ko'rilgan. U odatda past maqomga ega, kundalik janrlarda, masalan, beshiklar yoki improvizatsiya uchun ishlatilgan, bundan tashqari jangga improvizatsiya qilish uchun ishlatilgan.

Rajaz [[Damashq xalifaligi|Umaviylar davrining]] oxirlaridagi shoirlar: [[Al-‘Ajjāj|Al-'Ajjoj]] (91/710), [[Ru‘ba|Ru'ba]] (vafoti. 145/762) va [[Abū al-Najm al-‘Ijlī|Abu an-Najm al-Ijliy]] (743-yilda vafot etgan)  bular shu janrdagi eng mashhur  metrdagi uzun ''[[Qasida|qaṣīda]]'' uslubidagi barcha kompozitsiyalar. [[Abu Nuvos]] ham bu shaklni yaxshi ko'rgan <ref name="W. Stoetzer, 1998 p. 646">W. Stoetzer, 'Rajaz', in ''Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature'', ed. by Julie Scott Meisami, Paul Starkey, 2 vols (London: Routledge, 1998), II 645-46 (p. 646).</ref>

<nowiki>XX</nowiki> asrda Erkin sheʼr janriga  javoban ''rajaz'' ham anʼanaviy shaklda, mashhur boʻlgan. Bundan tashqari   innovatsion moslashuvlarda  arab sherʼiy janrlarida shuhrat qozondi, asrning birinchi yarmida asosiy koʻrsatkichlari boʻlgan shoirlar [[‘Ali Maḥmūd Ṭāhā|Ali Mahmud Toho]], [[Ilyos Abu Shabaki]]y va Badr Shakir as-Sayyob (qarang. uning “Un <u>shudat</u> al-Matar”).<ref>Salma Khadra Jayyusi, ''Trends and Movements in Modern Arabic Poetry'', trans. by Salma Khadra Jayyusi and Christopher Tingley, 2 vols (Leiden: Brill, 1977), II 607-10.</ref> 1950-yillardan beri erkin she'rlar ko'pincha rajaz oyoqlariga asoslangan.<ref name="W. Stoetzer, 1998 p. 646"/>

== Misol ==
Mashhur, dastlabki misol [[Hind bint Utba|Hind binti Utbaning]] (milodiy 6-7 asr) jangga chaqiruv shaklini koʻrsatib | '''⏓''' '''⏓''' '''⏑''' –|'''⏑''' – '''⏑''' –| birinchi ikkita element asosan uzun, beshinchisi esa har doim qisqa boʻladi.<ref>''Classical Arabic Literature: A Library of Arabic Literature Anthology'', trans. by Geert Jan van Gelder (New York: New York University Press, 2013), p. 94.</ref>
{|
|{{Lang|ar|:نَحْنُ بَنَاتُ طَارِقِ،
:نَمْشِي عَلَى النَّمَارِقِ،
:الدُرُّ فِي المَخَانِقِ،
:وَالمِسْكُ فِي المَفَارِقِ،
:إنْ تُقْبِلُوا نُعَانِقِ،
:أوْ تُدْبِرُوا نُفَـارِقِ،
:فِرَاقَ غَيْرَ وَامِقِ.}}
|
: ''naḥnu banatu tāriqī''
: ''namshi 'ala n-nomariqiy''
: ''wad-durru fī l-maxāniqī''
: ''val-misku fi l-maforiqiy''
: ''<nowiki/>'in tuqbilū nu'āniqī''
: ''<nowiki/>'av tudbiru nuforiqiy''
: ''firoqa g'ayra vomiqiy''
|: Biz o'sha toriq qizlarmiz: Biz gilamlar yarmarkasida yuramiz: Bizning bo'yinlarimiz marvaridlar bilan osilgan: Mushk esa sochlarimizda: Agar oldinga chiqsangiz, biz sizni quchoqlaymiz: Yoki qochsang, biz sendan qochamiz: Va endi biz sizni sevmaymiz
|
: | – '''⏑''' '''⏑''' – | '''⏑''' – '''⏑''' – |
: | – – '''⏑''' – | '''⏑''' – '''⏑''' – |
: | – – '''⏑''' – | '''⏑''' – '''⏑''' – |
: | – – '''⏑''' – | '''⏑''' – '''⏑''' – |
: | – – '''⏑''' – | '''⏑''' – '''⏑''' – |
: | – – '''⏑''' – | '''⏑''' – '''⏑''' – |
: | '''⏑''' – '''⏑''' – | '''⏑''' – '''⏑''' – |
|}

== Asosiy tadqiqotlar ==

* ''Beshta Raǧaz to'plami: (al-Ag'lab al-ʻIǧliy, Bashir ibn an-Nikth, Ǧandal ibn al-Mutanna, Humayd al-Arqat, G'aylon ibn Hurays) ,'' ed. Jaakko Hämeen-Anttila, Studia Orientalia, 76/Raǧaz she'riyatini o'rganish uchun materiallar, 2 (Xelsinki: Finlandiya Sharq jamiyati, 1995),{{ISBN|9519380264}}
* ''Kichik Raǧaz to'plamlari: (Xitom al-Muǧashiʻiy, ikki Dukayn, al-Quloh ibn Hazn, Abu Muhammad al-Faqʻosiy, Manzur ibn Marthad, Ximyon ibn Quhafa.)'' Jaakko Hämeen-Anttila, Studia Orientalia, 78/Raǧaz she'riyatini o'rganish uchun materiallar, 3 (Xelsinki: Finlandiya Sharq jamiyati, 1996),{{ISBN|9519380280}}
* Manfred Ullmann, ''Untersuchungen zue Raǧazpoesie.'' ''Ein Beitrag zur arabischen Sprach- und Literaturewissenschaft'' (Viesbaden, 1966)
* D. Frolov, 'Arab oyatlari tarixida Rajazning o'rni', ''Arab adabiyoti jurnali'', 28 (1997), 242-90, https://www.jstor.org/stable/4183399

== Manbalar ==
<references group="" responsive="1"></references>

[[Turkum:Arab arxitekturasi]]
[[Turkum:Arab adabiyoti]]
[[Turkum:Arab aholisi]]