Raphael Soyer sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi|ismi=Raphael Soyer|portret=|tavsif=|tugʻilgan paytidagi ismi=Raphael Schoar|tavallud sanasi=1899-yil 25-dekabr|tavallud joyi=Borisoglebsk, Tambov gubernatorligi (hozirgi Voronej viloyatida)|vafot sanasi={{Death date and age|1987|11|4|1899|12|25|mf=yes}}|vafot joyi=Nyu-York Siti, AQSh|bilimi=Cooper Union, Milliy dizayn akademiyasi, Nyu-York sanʼat talabalari ligasi|turmush oʻrtogʻi=Rebecca Letz|bolalari=1}}

[[Fayl:Raphael_Soyer_-_Portrait_of_a_Man.jpg|thumb| Rafael Zalman Soyer, odam portreti, (1930-yil)]]
'''Raphael Zalman Soyer'''<ref name=":2"/> (talaffuzi: Rafael Zalman Soyer, 1899-yil 25-dekabrda tavallud topgan) asli [[Rossiya|rossiyalik]] [[Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari|va amerikalik]] [[Rassomlik sanʼati|rassom]]. Raphael Zalman Soyerni amerikalik sahna rassomi deb atashgan. Raphael Zalman Soyerni [[New York (shahar)|Nyu-York]] koʻchalari, metrolari, salonlari va rassomlar studiyalarini oʻz ichiga olgan. Zamonaviy sharoitlarda koʻrilgan erkaklar va ayollarga qiziqishi tufayli ijtimoiy realist sifatida tanilgan. Shuningdek, Raphael Zalman Soyerni oʻz hayoti va sanʼati haqida bir qancha kitoblar yozgan.

Raphael Zalman Soyerning akalari Mose Soyer va Isaac Soyer ham musavvir edi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.bartleby.com/65/so/Soyer.html|sarlavha=Soyer. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05|qaralgan sana=2007-04-26|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070203205048/http://www.bartleby.com/65/so/Soyer.html|arxivsana=2007-02-03}} The Columbia Encyclopedia (2001-5). Retrieved on 2007-07-11.</ref>.

== Erta hayot va taʼlim ==
Raphael Zalman Soyer '''Rapheael Schoar''' sifatida tavallud topgan. Raphael Zalman Soyerning bir xil egizak ukasi Moses 1899-yil 25-dekabrda Rossiyaning janubidagi [[Tambov]] viloyatining Borisoglebsk shahrida tug‘ilgan<ref name=":0">{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=A Finding Aid to the Raphael Soyer papers, 1933-1989 {{!}} Digitized Collection|url=https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/raphael-soyer-papers-9465|qaralgan sana=2020-11-10|ish=Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution|til=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Raphael Soyer, American, born Russia, 1899 - 1987, Schoar, Raphael|url=https://www.nga.gov/collection/artist-info.2755.html|qaralgan sana=2020-11-10|ish=The National Gallery of Art (NGA)}}</ref>. Raphael Zalman Soyerning otasi, [[Ivrit tili|ibroniy]] olimi, yozuvchi va oʻqituvchisi Ibrohim Shauer<ref>{{Kitob manbasi|last=Harshav|first=Benjamin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fm6mAAAAIAAJ|title=The Polyphony of Jewish Culture|date=2007|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0-8047-5512-2|pages=128|language=en}}</ref> olti farzandini ilmiy va badiiy faoliyatga katta eʼtibor qaratiladigan intellektual muhitda tarbiyalagan. Raphael Zalman Soyerning onasi Bella kashtachi edi<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Berman |first=Avis |date=December 1979 |title=Raphael Soyer at 80: 'Not painting would be like not breathingʻ: Smithsonian American Art/Portrait Gallery Library |work=ARTnews}}</ref>. Raphael Zalman Soyerning amakivachchasi rassom va meteorolog Joshua Zalman Holland edi<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Schudel |first=Matt |date=2011-05-28 |title=A Local Life: Joshua Z. Holland, 89, a man of science with an artist's soul |language=en-US |work=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/a-local-life-joshua-z-holland-89-a-man-of-science-with-an-artists-soul/2011/05/13/AGzGNbDH_story.html |access-date=2020-11-10 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref>. Kechki Rossiya imperiyasidagi yahudiy aholisi uchun koʻplab qiyinchiliklar tufayli Soyer oilasi 1912-yilda AQShga hijrat qilishga majbur boʻldi va u yerda Bronksga joylashadi<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Richard |first=Paul |date=1982-08-05 |title=The Souls of Raphael Soyer |language=en-US |work=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1982/08/05/the-souls-of-raphael-soyer/773cc176-d26e-4f41-bb2d-d07504a1f599/ |access-date=2020-11-10 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref>. Immigratsiya paytida familiya Schoardan Soyerga oʻzgartirildi<ref name=":1" />

Raphael Zalman Soyer 1914-1917-yillarda Kooper Ittifoqining [[Bepul taʼlim|bepul maktablarida]] badiiy taʼlimni davom ettirdi. Raphael Zalman Soyer egizak Muso bilan birga oʻqiydi<ref name=":2"/><ref name=":32">{{Kitob manbasi|last=Southgate|first=M. Therese|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=75yZ9vMLeBYC|title=The Art of JAMA: Covers and Essays from The Journal of the American Medical Association, Volume III|date=2011-03-17|publisher=OUP USA|isbn=978-0-19-975383-3|pages=158|language=en|chapter=Moses Soyer, Girl At the Sewing Machine}}</ref>.. Aynan Cooper Unionda u Chaim Gross bilan uchrashdi, Raphael Zalman Soyer oʻsha paytdan boshlab bir umrlik doʻstga aylandi.

Raphael Zalman Soyer 1918-1922-yillarda Milliy dizayn akademiyasida va keyinchalik 1920-1926-yillar Nyu-Yorkdagi Sanʼat talabalari ligasida oʻqishni davom ettiradi<ref name=":2">{{Kitob manbasi|last=Baskind|first=Samantha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PGI3CwAAQBAJ|title=Raphael Soyer and the Search for Modern Jewish Art|date=2015-12-01|publisher=UNC Press Books|isbn=978-1-4696-2600-0|pages=2, 53–54|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":32"/> ASLda boʻlganida Raphael Zalman Soyer Guy Pene du Bois va Boardman Robinson bilan birga Ashcan maktabining shaxta mavzularini oʻrgangan<ref name=":2" />

== Faoliyati ==
Rasmiy taʼlimni tugatgandan soʻng, Raphael Zalman Soyer Reginald Marsh, Izabel Bishop, Kenneth Hayes Miller, Peggy Becon va oʻqituvchisi Guy Pene du Boisni oʻz ichiga olgan. Oʻn toʻrtinchi koʻcha rassomlar maktabi bilan bogʻlanadi. Raphael Zalman Soyeroʻzining asari rasmlari, akvarellari va nashrlarida bir qator mavzularni — ayollarning yalangʻoch kiyimlari, doʻstlari oila portretlari, Nyu-York va ayniqsa, Raphael Zalman Soyerning aholisini doimiy ravishda oʻrganib chiqadi. Shuningdek, Raphael Zalman Soyer oʻz faoliyati davomida juda koʻp avtoportretlarni yaratgan<ref>{{Kitob manbasi|last=Goodrich|first=Lloyd|title=Raphael Soyer|url=https://archive.org/details/raphaelsoyer00good|publisher=The Whitney Museum of American Art|year=1967|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/raphaelsoyer00good/page/17 17]}}</ref>... Soyer oʻzining tasviriy sanʼatga boʻlgan ishonchini qatʼiy edi va 1940-yillarning oxiri 1950-yillarning boshlarida [[Abstraksionizm (oqim)|mavhum sanʼatning]] hukmron kuchiga keskin qarshi edi.

Raphael Zalman Soyer Sanʼat maktabida oʻqiganidan soʻng, darhol professional rassom sifatida ishlay olmaydi. Raphael Zalman Soyerning oʻrniga boshqa ishlarda boʻsh vaqtlarida rasm chizadi<ref>{{Kitob manbasi|title=Raphael Soyer|url=https://archive.org/details/raphaelsoyer00good|last=Goodrich|first=Lloyd|publisher=The Whitney Museum of American Art|year=1967|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/raphaelsoyer00good/page/7 7]}}</ref>. Raphael Zalman Soyerning birinchi shaxsiy koʻrgazmasi 1929-yilda boʻlib oʻtdi<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |date=1967 |title=Work by Raphael Soyer to be Shown at Forum Gallery Concurrently with Whitney Museum Retrospective Exhibition |work=Forum Gallery Press Release}}</ref>. 1930-yillarning boshidan Raphael Zalman Soyer [[Whitney muzey|Uitni Amerika sanʼati muzeyi]], Carnegie instituti, Chikago sanʼat instituti, Corcoran sanʼat galereyasi, Milliy dizayn akademiyasi va Pensilvaniyaning yillik ikki yilda bir marta oʻtkaziladigan yirik Amerika koʻrgazmalarida muntazam ravishda ishtirok etadi. Tasviriy sanʼat akademiyasida Raphael Zalman Soyer shuningdek , Amerika grafik rassomlari jamiyatining aʼzosi boʻladi.

Raphael Zalman Soyerning oʻqituvchilik faoliyati 1930-yilda Nyu-Yorkdagi John Reed klubida oʻz faoliyatini boshlangan va Sanʼat talabalari ligasi, Ijtimoiy tadqiqotlar uchun yangi maktab Milliy akademiyadagi stajlarni oʻz ichiga olgan.

Raphael Zalman Soyer [[Buyuk depressiya|Buyuk Depressiya]] rassomi edi va 1930-yillarda Raphael Raphael Zalman Soyer ning ukasi Muso sotsial realizm bilan shugʻullanib, ishchilar sinfi kurashlariga hamdardlik koʻrsatdilar<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Steiner |first=Raymond J. |date=January–February 2000 |title=Moses and Raphael Soyer at the ACA Galleries |work=Art Times}}</ref>. 1939-yilda egizaklar [[Filadelfiya|Filadelfiyadagi]] Kingsessing Station pochta boʻlimida Federal Art Project (WPA-FAP) bilan ishlash loyihasi maʼmuriyati bilan birga ishladilar<ref name=":32"/><ref>{{Veb manbasi|muallif=Worden|ism=Amy|sana=April 27, 2009|sarlavha=Push for Public Access to New Deal murals|url=https://www.inquirer.com/philly/news/homepage/20090427_Push_for_public_access_to_New_Deal_murals.html|qaralgan sana=2020-11-11|ish=Philadelphia Inquirer|til=en-US|arxivsana=2020-11-11|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111011059/https://www.inquirer.com/philly/news/homepage/20090427_Push_for_public_access_to_New_Deal_murals.html}}</ref>.

Raphael Zalman Soyer amerikalik rassom Thomas Eakinsni chuqur hayratda qoldiradi va Fantin-Latourning " ''Hommage à Delacroix'' " asari asosida " ''Tomas Eakinsga hurmat'' " nomli guruh portretini yaratadi<ref>{{Kitob manbasi|title=Raphael Soyer|url=https://archive.org/details/raphaelsoyer00good|last=Goodrich|first=Lloyd|publisher=The Whitney Museum of American Art|year=1967|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/raphaelsoyer00good/page/25 25]}}</ref>.

Raphael Zalman Soyer ning portret asardagi mavzulari orasida doʻstlari boʻlgan rassomlar va yozuvchilar bor edi. Raphael Zalman Soyerlarning orasida Allen Ginsberg, Arshile Gorky, Chaim Gross, Gitel Steed, Edward Hopper, Philip Evergood, Alice Neel va Stiv Poleskie bor edi . 1967-yilda [[Whitney muzey|Whitney Amerika sanʼati muzeyi]] Raphael Zalman Soyer ishining retrospektivini namoyish etdi<ref name=":0"/>

Rafael Zalman Soyer 1940-yilda sakkiz nafar boshqa taniqli amerikalik rassomlar bilan birga Evgeniy OʻNil pyesalarining kinematografiyasiga moslashtirilgan " ''Uyga uzoq sayohat'' " filmini ishlab chiqarish jarayonida dramatik sahnalar va personajlarni hujjatlashtirish uchun yoʻllangan<ref>{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=„Cover Article, American Artist Magazine, September, 1940, pp. 4-14“ |url=http://thenedscottarchive.com/hollywood/films/the-long-voyage-home.html |qaralgan sana=2022-11-23 |arxivsana=2019-05-24 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524020022/https://www.thenedscottarchive.com/hollywood/films/the-long-voyage-home.html }}</ref>.. Rafael Zalman Soyer shuningdek, [[Isaac Bashevis Singer|Isaac Bashevis qoʻshiqchi]] uchun " ''Xudoni izlayotgan kichkina bola'' ", " ''Sevgi va surgun'' " nomli ikkita kitobni tasvirlagan<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |date=November 12, 1987 |title=artist Soyer dies at 87 |work=Jewish World}}</ref>.

== Mukofot va unvonlar ==

* 1981-yil — Jeyms Smitson jamiyati asoschisi medali<ref name=":3">{{Veb manbasi|sana=November 5, 1987|sarlavha=Raphael Soyer; Social Realist Artist, Age 87|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/403103560/|qaralgan sana=2020-11-10|ish=Newspapers.com|nashriyot=Los Angeles Times|til=en}}</ref>.
* 1981-yil — Oltin medal, Amerika sanʼat va adabiyot akademiyasi<ref name=":3" />

== Oʻlim va meros ==
Rafael Zalman Soyer 1987-yil 4-noyabrda Nyu-Yorkdagi uyida 87 yoshida [[Saraton (kasallik)|saraton kasalligidan]] vafot etdi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sana=6 November 1987|sarlavha=Raphael Soyer; leading realistic painter|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/372669472/|qaralgan sana=2020-11-10|ish=Newspapers.com|nashriyot=Hartford Courant, Associated Press|til=en}}</ref><ref name=":3"/> Rafael Zalman Soyer Nyu-Yorkning Kvins shahridagi Akasiya qabristoniga dafn etilgan.

Rafael Zalman Soyerning ishi Butler Amerika sanʼati instituti,<ref name=":4">{{Veb manbasi|muallif=Rinkler|ism=Harry|sana=10 May 2002|sarlavha=Raphael Soyer Painted His Adopted NYC|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/567359380/|qaralgan sana=2020-11-10|ish=Newspapers.com|nashriyot=Lancaster New Era|til=en}}</ref>.. [[Milliy sanʼat galereyasi|Milliy sanʼat galereyasi]],<ref name=":4" /> Smithsonian Amerika sanʼat muzeyi,<ref name=":4" /> [[Metropoliten-muzey|Metropolitan sanʼat muzeyi]],<ref name=":3"/> [[Whitney muzey|Uitni]] Amerika sanʼati muzeyi kabi koʻplab jamoat muzeylari kolleksiyalariga kiritilgan,<ref name=":3" /> Hirshhorn muzeyi,<ref name=":3" /> boshqalar qatorida<ref name=":2"/>.

Sanʼat kollektori Victor Ganz oʻsmirlik yillarida Louis Eilshemius va Jules Pascinning akvarel boʻyoqlarini va Rafael Zalman Soyerning yogʻli rasmini xarid qilish bilan sanʼat yigʻishni boshlagan.

== Manbalar ==
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[[Turkum:1987-yilda vafot etganlar]]
[[Turkum:1899-yilda tugʻilganlar]]