Roger Schank sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{{Olim bilgiqutisi
| ismi                   = Roger Schank
| tavallud_sanasi        = {{Birth date|1946|3|12}}
| tavallud_joyi = New York City, U. S.
| vafot_sanasi = {{Death date and age|2023|1|29|1946|3|12}}
| vafot_joyi = [[Shelburne, Vermont]], U. S.
| ish_joylari = {{ublist |[[Stanford University]] | [[Yale University]] | [[Carnegie Mellon University]] | [[Trump University]]}}
| tezis_sarlavhasi = A Conceptual Dependency Representation for a Computer-Oriented Semantics
| ilmiy_rahbari = [[Jacob L. Mey]]
| ilmiy_shogirdlari = {{plainlist|1=
*[[Jaime Carbonell]]<ref name=mg>{{mathgenealogy|id=78231}}</ref>
* [[Lawrence Hunter]]<ref name="hunterphd">{{cite thesis |degree=PhD |first=Lawrence E.|last=Hunter |title=Knowledge acquisition planning: Gaining expertise through experience |publisher=Yale University |date=1989 |author-link= Lawrence Hunter|hdl= 10079/bibid/9838922|oclc=24116492|id={{ProQuest|303852846}}}}</ref>
* [[Wendy Lehnert]]<ref name=mg/>
* [[Robert Wilensky]]
}}
| turmush_oʻrtogʻi = {{ublist |{{marriage|Diane Levine||1998|end = div}}|Annie Payeur ({{abbr|m.|married}} {{circa|1999}})<!--Death notice describes them as having been married for 23 years by the time he died; could have been 1999 or early 2000-->}}
| vebsayt = {{URL|rogerschank.com/}}
}}

'''Roger Carl Schank''' (1946-yil 12 mart – 2023-yil 29-yanvar) [[sunʼiy intellekt]], kognitiv psixologiya va taʼlim sohasidagi nufuzli amerikalik mutaxassis. U odamlarning maʼlumotni qanday tushunishi va eslab qolishlari haqidagi nazariyalarni ishlab chiqdi va taʼlim usullarini takomillashtirish ustida ishladi. Shuningdek, Schank oʻrganish va texnologiyaga yoʻnaltirilgan bir nechta kompaniya va tashkilotlarga asos solgan. 1960-yillarning oxiridan boshlab u conceptual dependency (kontseptual qaramlik nazariyasiga) (tabiiy tilni tushunish kontekstida) va case-based reasoning (holatlarga asoslangan fikrlash) haqidagi eng dastlabki ishlarning muallifi boʻldi. Bu ikkalasi ham xotira va fikrlash haqidagi kognitivistik qarashlarga qarshi chiqdi. Olim oʻz faoliyatini [[Yale universiteti]] va [[Stanford universiteti|Standford universitetlarida]] dars berishdan boshlagan. 1989-yilda Schank Andersen Consulting tomonidan oʻzining tadqiqot va ishlanmalari uchun oʻn yillik majburiyat uchun 30 million dollar mukofot oldi va bu orqali Chikagodagi Northwestern Universityda Learning Sciences institutiga (ILS) asos soldi.

== Dastlabki hayoti ==
Schank 1946-yilda Nyu Yorkning Manhattan shahrida tugʻilgan va u Stuyvesant oʻrta maktabida tahsil olgan<ref name="Lohr">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Lohr |first=Steve |date=February 20, 2023 |title=Roger C. Schank, Theorist of Artificial Intelligence, Dies at 76 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/20/technology/roger-c-schank-dead.html |url-access=limited |access-date=February 20, 2023}}</ref>.

== Akademik martabasi ==
Bakalavriat darajasini olish uchun Schank [[Pitsburg|Pitsburg shtatidagi]] Carnegie Mellon universitetida<ref name="shank_tank">{{Jurnal manbasi |last=Freedman |first=David |title=The Schank Tank |url=https://www.wired.com/1994/08/schank/ |magazine=Wired |access-date=7 April 2018}}</ref> [[matematika]] boʻyicha tahsil oldi. Undan soʻngra Austindagi [[Texas]] universitetida [[Tilshunoslik|tilshunoslik fanlari]] nomzodi ilmiy darajasini oldi. Ilmiy darajasini olgandan soʻng ishlamoqchi boʻlgan Schank dastlab [[Stanford universiteti|Stenford universitetida]], soʻngra [[Yale universiteti|Yale universitetida]] professor va oʻqituvchi lavozimlarida ishladi<ref name="freedman">{{Jurnal manbasi |last=Freedman |first=David H. |date=August 1994 |title=The Schank Tank |url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/2.08/schank_pr.html |magazine=Wired |volume=2 |issue=8 |access-date=2011-10-04}}</ref>. 1974-yilda u Yale universitetida [[Informatika|kompyuter fanlari]] va [[psixologiya]] sohalarida professor lavozimini egalladi. 1981- yilda Schank Yaledagi kompyuter fanlari boʻlimi raisi va Yale sunʼiy intellekt loyihasi direktori boʻldi<ref name="bio1">{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=Biography: Part 1 of 2 |ish=RogerSchank.com |url=http://www.rogerschank.com/biography.html |yil=2009 |qaralgan sana=October 9, 2011 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006130700/http://www.rogerschank.com/biography.html |arxivsana=October 6, 2011}}</ref>.

1989-yilda Schankka Andersen Consulting tomonidan tadqiqot va ishlanmalari uchun oʻn yillik majburiyat sifatida 30 million dollarlik mukofot berildi. Bu esa unga Yaleni tark etish va Chikagodagi [[:en:Northwestern_University|Northwestern universitetida]] Learning Sciences institutini (ILS) tashkil etish imkonini berdi va oʻzining Yaledagi 25 nafar tadqiqotchi hamkasblarini olib kelishga imkoniyat yaratdi<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Henderson |first=Harold |date=December 14, 1989 |title=Northwestern's New A.I. Hotshot |work=[[Chicago Reader]] |url=https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/northwesterns-new-ai-hotshot/Content?oid=874915 |access-date=2024-07-22 |archive-date=2021-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307145801/https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/northwesterns-new-ai-hotshot/Content?oid=874915 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Rifkin |first=Glenn |date=September 6, 1992 |title=Andersen Consultingʻs Culture of 'Clones' |work=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/06/business/andersen-consulting-s-culture-of-clones.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |access-date=September 28, 2011}}</ref>. ILS [[IBM]] va Ameritech kabi boshqa korporativ homiylarni, shuningdek, [[CVS Health|AQSh armiyasi]], EPA va Milliy gvardiya kabi hukumat homiylarini jalb qildi<ref name="bio2" />. Ayniqsa, taʼlim dasturlarini ishlab chiqish<ref name="freedman"/> va xodimlarni oʻqitishga eʼtiborini qaratdi<ref name="bio2">{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=Biography: Part 2 of 2 |ish=RogerSchank.com |url=http://www.rogerschank.com/biography-part2.html |yil=2009 |qaralgan sana=October 9, 2011 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006151508/http://www.rogerschank.com/biography-part2.html |arxivsana=October 6, 2011}}</ref>. Keyinchalik ILS School of Education maktabi tomonidan alohida boʻlim sifatida qabul qilindi.

2002-yilda Carnegie Mellon universitetining Silicon Valley campusi tashkil etilgan vaqtda, Schank institutda bosh oʻquv direktori lavozimida edi<ref name="socratic">{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=Roger Schank |ish=Socratic Arts |url=http://www.socraticarts.com/about.cfm?lead=Roger-Schank |qaralgan sana=October 9, 2011 |arxivsana=2024-10-11 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241011002516/https://www.socraticarts.com/about.cfm?lead=Roger-Schank }}</ref>. U 1990-yilda Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligencening asoschisi boʻlgan<ref>{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=Elected AAAI Fellows |url=https://aaai.org/about-aaai/aaai-awards/the-aaai-fellows-program/elected-aaai-fellows/ |qaralgan sana=2023-12-31 |ish=AAAI |til=en-US}}</ref>.

== Tadbirkorligi ==
1979-yilda olim hali Yale universitetida faoliyat yuritardi, ayni shu vaqtlarda Schank 1986-yilda ommaga taqdim etilgan Cognitive Systems kompaniyasiga asos solindi va sunʼiy intellekt boʻyicha „kutilayotgan keskin koʻtarilishni sarmoyalashtirish“da<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Pollack |first=Andrew |date=September 13, 1982 |title=Selling artificial intelligence |work=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/09/13/business/selling-artificial-intelligence.html |access-date=6 October 2011}}</ref> birinchilardan boʻldi. Schank 1988- yilda ayrim sabablarga koʻra rais va bosh ijrochi direktor lavozimidan isteʼfoga chiqdi, ammo boshqaruv kengashi aʼzosi va maslahatchisi sifatida esa oʻz ishini davom ettirdi<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |date=June 24, 1988 |title=Top officer resigns at Cognitive Systems |work=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/24/business/business-people-top-officer-resigns-at-cognitive-systems.html |access-date=September 27, 2011}}</ref>.

1994-yilda Schank ILSda ishlab chiqilgan dasturiy taʼminotni bozorga chiqarish uchun Cognitive Arts Corporation<ref name="socratic"/> (dastlabki nomi Learning Sciences Corporation)ga asos soldi va 2003-yilgacha yaʼni ushbu korporatsiya sotilgunga qadar uni boshqardi.

2005-yildan 2007-yilgacha Schank Trump universitetining oʻquv boʻlimi boshligʻi boʻlgan<ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/trump-university-i-state-accreditation-issue-roger-schank |sarlavha=Trump University; I was there; state accreditation is not the issue}}</ref>.

2001-yilda u biznesmen va maktablarga elektron taʼlim dasturlarini sotuvchi Socratic Arts kompaniyasiga asos solgan<ref name="bio2"/>.

2008-yilda Schank MBA talabalariga oʻz bizneslarini ochish yoki ishga borishni oʻrgatish uchun Barselonadagi Ramon Llull universiteti La Salle xalqaro oliy maktabining biznes muhandislik maktabida hikoyaga asoslangan oʻquv dasturini (SCC) yaratdi<ref name="bio2"/>.

2012-yilda Schank XTOL (Experiential Training Online)ga asos soldi, ushbu markaz „universitet, korporatsiya va professional tashkilotlar foydalanishi uchun tajribali qisqa kurslarni, shuningdek, butun dunyo boʻylab ilmiy daraja beruvchi universitetlar bilan hamkorlikda magistrlik dasturlarini ishlab chiqadi“<ref name="xtol">{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=XTOL (Experiential Training Online) |url=http://www.xtolcorp.com/ |qaralgan sana=January 21, 2014 |ish=XTOL Corp |arxivsana=2022-05-12 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512214732/http://www.xtolcorp.com/ }}</ref>.

== Taʼlim islohoti ==
Schank taʼlim tizimi tubdan isloh qilish va mavjud dasturiy taminotlarni, anʼanaviy oʻqitish usullarini yangidan yaratish kerakligiga ishondi<ref name="green">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Green |first=Joshua |date=August 11, 2000 |title=No Lectures or Teachers, Just Software |work=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/learning/teachers/featured_articles/20000811friday.html |access-date=October 10, 2011}}</ref>. Bu tizimni yaxshilashga harakat qilish maqsadida u 2001-yilda boshlangʻich va oʻrta maktablar uchun oʻquv dasturlari ishlab chiqadigan va amalga oshiradigan<ref name="bio2"/>, shu bilan bir qatorda Virtual International Science and Technology Academy ga (VISTA) mezbonlik qiluvchi notijorat tashkilot Engines for Education tashkilotiga asos soldi.

== Xizmatlari ==
1969-yilda Schank tabiiy tilni tushunish uchun conseptual dependency (kontseptual qaramlik) nazariyasini taqdim etdi<ref>{{Konferensiya manbasi|pages=1–3|last=Schank|first=Roger|title=A conceptual dependency parser for natural language|booktitle=Proceedings of the 1969 conference on Computational linguistics|location=Sång-Säby, Sweden|year=1969}}</ref>. Qisman Sidney Lambning ishiga asoslangan ushbu model [[Yale universiteti|Yale universitetidagi]] Schankning Robert Wilensky, Wendy Lehnert va [[Janet L. Kolodner|Janet Kolodner]] kabi talabalari tomonidan tabiiy tilni qayta ishlashning bir qator modellarida keng qoʻllangan<ref>{{Citation |last=Schank |first=Roger C |title=Natural Language Processing: Models of Roger Schank and his Students |date=2006-01-15 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/0470018860.s00057 |work=Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science |editor-last=Nadel |editor-first=Lynn |access-date=2023-06-23 |place=Chichester |publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Ltd |language=en |doi=10.1002/0470018860.s00057 |isbn=978-0-470-01619-0 |last2=Leake |first2=David B}}</ref>.

Case-based reasoning (CBR) (vaziyatga asoslangan fikrlash) Schankning dinamik xotira modeliga asoslangan<ref name="ref_schank">Roger Schank, Dynamic Memory: ''A Theory of Learning in Computers and People'' (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982)</ref> va eng qadimgi CBR tizimlari uchun asos boʻlgan: [[Janet L. Kolodner|Janet Kolodnerning]] CYRUS<ref name="ref_kolodner">Janet Kolodner, „Reconstructive Memory: A Computer Model“, ''Cognitive Science'' 7 (1983): 4.</ref> va Michael Lebowitsning IPP<ref name="ref_lebowitz">Michael Lebowitz, „Memory-Based Parsing“, ''Artificial Intelligence'' 21 (1983), 363–404.</ref>.

1980-yillarda CBR ning boshqa maktablari va u bilan oʻxshash sohalar paydo boʻlib, ular huquqiy fikrlashdagi CBR, xotiraga asoslangan fikrlash (ommaviy parallel mashinalardagi misollardan fikr yuritish usuli) va CBRni boshqa fikrlash usullari bilan birlashtirish kabi mavzularni oʻrgandilar. 1990-yillarda CBRga boʻlgan qiziqish ortdi, buni 1995-yilda vaziyatga asoslangan mulohaza yuritish boʻyicha xalqaro konferensiya, shuningdek, Yevropa, [[Germaniya]], Britaniya, Italiya va boshqa CBR boʻyicha seminarlar tashkil etilganligi tasdiqlaydi.

== Shaxsiy hayoti va oʻlimi ==
Schank ikki marta oila qurgan boʻlib, uning Diane Levin bilan boʻlgan birinchi nikohi 1998-yilda rasman ajrashish bilan tugadi; ikkinchi marotaba u 1999-yillar atrofida Annie Payeurga uylandi<ref name="Lohr"/> <ref name="Death">{{Veb manbasi |url=https://www.paperman.com/en/funerals/2023-2-6-dr--roger-schank |sarlavha=Dr. Roger Schank |ish=Paperman & Sons |qaralgan sana=February 20, 2023 |arxivsana=2023-02-10 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113931/https://www.paperman.com/en/funerals/2023-2-6-dr--roger-schank }}</ref>. Uning ikki farzandi bor edi<ref name="Lohr" />

Schankning Palm Beach, [[Florida]] va [[Kvebek|Quebecda]] uylari bor edi. Floridada u Jeffrey Epstein bilan qoʻshni boʻlgan. Epstein 2008-yilda jinsiy jinoyatlarda ayblangan. Bundan 6 yil oldin esa yaʼni, 2002-yilda oʻz orolida homiylik qilgan sunʼiy intellekt konferensiyasida qatnashgan<ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=https://slate.com/technology/2019/08/jeffrey-epstein-science-eugenics-sexual-abuse-researchers.html |sarlavha=The "Girls" Were Always Around: What it was like to be a scientist in Jeffrey Epstein's circle |ism=Daniel |muallif=Engber |sana=August 2, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation |title=Jeffrey Epstein's Prison Party |date=August 12, 2008 |url=http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2008/08/jeffrey_epsteins_prison_party.html |work=New York Magazine}}</ref>..Suddan keyin Schank uni jamoatchilik tomonidan qoʻllabquvvatladi<ref name="Lohr"/>.

Bir muncha vaqt sogʻligʻi yomonlashganidan soʻng, Schank 2023-yil 29-yanvarda 76 yoshida Shelburne (Vermont) hospiskasi (oʻlim toʻshagidagilar shifoxonasi)da yurak yetishmovchiligidan vafot etdi<ref name="Lohr"/><ref name="Death"/>.

== Asarlari ==

* Schank, Roger. ''Teaching Minds: How Cognitive Science Can Save Our Schools''. New York: Teachers College Press, 2011, {{ISBN|978-0-8077-5266-1}} (paper) and {{ISBN|978-0-8077-5267-8}} (hardcover).
* Schank, Roger, Dimitris Lyras and Elliot Soloway. ''The Future of Decision Making: How Revolutionary Software Can Improve the Ability to Decide''. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. {{ISBN|978-0-230-10365-8}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-230-10365-8|978-0-230-10365-8]]
* Schank, Roger. ''Lessons in Learning, e-Learning, and Training: Perspectives and Guidance for the Enlightened Trainer''. Pfeiffer, 2005. {{ISBN|0-7879-7666-0}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-7879-7666-0|0-7879-7666-0]].
* Schank, Roger. ''Scrooge Meets Dick and Jane''. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2001, {{ISBN|0-8058-3877-5}}.
* Schank, Roger. ''Dynamic Memory Revisited'', 2nd Edition. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999, {{ISBN|0-521-63398-2}}.
* Schank, Roger, ''Virtual Learning: A Revolutionary Approach to Building a Highly Skilled Workforce.'' New York: McGraw Hill 1997. {{ISBN|0-7863-1148-7}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-7863-1148-7|0-7863-1148-7]]
* Schank, Roger and Gary Saul Morson. ''Tell Me A Story: Narrative and Intelligence''. Northwestern Press, 1995. {{ISBN|0-8101-1313-9}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-8101-1313-9|0-8101-1313-9]].
* Schank, Roger and Chip Cleary, ''Engines for Education''. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1995.
* Schank, Roger. ''The Connoisseur’s Guide to the Mind: How we think, How we learn, and what it means to be intelligent''. Summit Books, 1991.
* Schank, Roger. ''Tell Me A Story: A new look at real and artificial memory''. Scribner’s, 1990.
* Schank, Roger and Peter Childers. ''The Creative Attitude: Learning to Ask and Answer the Right Questions''. MacMillan Publishing Company, 1988, {{ISBN|0-02-607170-3}}.
* Schank, Roger. ''The Cognitive Computer: On Language, Learning and Artificial Intelligence''. Reading: Addison Wesley, 1984.
* Schank, Roger. ''Dynamic Memory: A Theory of Learning in Computers and People''. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
* {{Kitob manbasi |first=Roger |last=Schank |authorlink=Roger Schank |title=Scripts, plans, goals and understanding: An inquiry into human knowledge structures |url=https://archive.org/details/scriptsplansgoal0000scha |location=New Jersey |publisher=Erlbaum |year=1977 |isbn=0-470-99033-3}}
* Schank, Roger. Conceptualizations underlying natural language. In ''Computer Models of Thought and Language'', R. Schank & K. Colby, eds. [[San Francisco]]: W. H. Freeman, 1973.

== Yana qarang ==

* Robert P. Abelson

== Manbalar ==
{{Manbalar}}
== Havolalar ==
{{Tashqi havolalar}}

* [http://www.rogerschank.com/ Rojer Schankning bosh sahifasi] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619093328/http://www.rogerschank.com/ |date=2022-06-19 }}
* {{Twitter}} </img>
* [http://www.socraticarts.com/ Sokratik sanʼat]
* [http://www.socraticarts.com/beslasalle/index.html Taʼlim fanlari instituti] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091207025433/http://www.socraticarts.com/beslasalle/index.html |date=2009-12-07 }}
* [http://www.engines4ed.org/ Taʼlim uchun dvigatellar]
* [http://engines4ed.org/about/vista.cfm VISTA (Virtual Xalqaro Fan va Texnologiya Akademiyasi)] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128075157/http://engines4ed.org/about/vista.cfm |date=2020-11-28 }}
* [http://www.grandparentgames.com/ Ota-bobolar oʻyinlari]
* [http://www.imissthatkid.com/ Men oʻsha bolani sogʻindim] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090502122028/http://www.imissthatkid.com/ |date=2009-05-02 }}
* [http://www.milosplace.com/ Miloning joyi]
* [http://www.cognitivearts.com/ Kognitiv sanʼat] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120904093248/http://www.cognitivearts.com/ |date=2012-09-04 }}
* [http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/schank/schank_index.html EDGE jurnaliga Rojer Schank bilan intervyu]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041215042910/http://west.cmu.edu/masters/ls/ CMU Taʼlim fanlari markazi]
* [http://www.xtolcorp.com XTOL Corp] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512214732/http://www.xtolcorp.com/ |date=2022-05-12 }}
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