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Sumayya bintu Xabbat

Sumayya bintu Xabbat (arabcha: سُمَيَّة ٱبْنَت خَبَّاط‎‎) yoki Sumayya bintu Xayyāṭ (سُمَيَّة ٱبْنَت خَيَّاط ; c. Milodiy 550 – 615 / milodiy 72 – BH 7), Ammar ibn Yosirning onasi va Islom paygʻambari Muhammad ummatining (jamoatining) birinchi a’zosi boʻlib, shahid (shahid ayol) boʻlgan.

Sumayya bintu Xabbat
سُمَيَّة ٱبْنَت خَبَّاط
Tavalludi c. Milodiy 550-yil (72 BH)
Vafoti .c. Milodiy 615 yil (7 BH)
Makka, Hijoz
(present-day Saudiya Arabiston)
Bolalari Yosir ibn Ammor

Yoshlik davrlari

U Makkadagi Maxzum qabilasidan boʻlgan Abu Huzayfa ibn al-Mugʻiyraning qulida edi[1]. Xojasi uni Yamandagi Madhij qabilasining Molik urugʻidan boʻlgan Yosir ibn Amirga turmushga berdi. Makkaga adashib qolgan birodarini izlash uchun kelganidan keyin u yerda Abu Huzayfaning himoyasida joylashishga qaror qilgan edi[2]. :188[1] Sumayya oʻgʻli Ammarni tugʻdi, taxminan 566-yilda[2][3][4][1] Yosirning Xurt va Abdulloh ismli ikki ukasi ham bor edi[2]

Keyinroq Abu Huzayfa Sumayya va uning oʻgʻli Ammorni ozod qildi[2]..

Islomni qabul qilishi

Bir an'anaga koʻra, Sumayya "islomni koʻrsatgan" birinchi yettitadan biri boʻlgan, qolgan oltitasi Muhammad, Ali, Abu Bakr, Bilol, Xabbob, Suhayb va uning oʻgʻli Ammar edi[2]. "Islomni koʻrsatish" diniy qabul qilishdan boshqa narsani anglatishi mumkin, chunki boshqa bir urf-odatga koʻra, Ammar musulmonlar al-Arqamning uyiga oʻttiz kishidan kirganidan keyin qabul qilingan[2]

Quraysh ijtimoiy mavqei past boʻlgan musulmonlarni quvgʻin qildi.Sumayyaning oilasi homiysi oʻlimidan soʻng himoyasiz boʻlib qolgan va aynan Maxzum urugʻining boshqa aʼzolari ularni eʼtiqodlaridan voz kechishlari uchun qiynoqqa solishgan[4][5][6].. Bir marta uni suv toʻla koʻza ichiga solib, qochib qutulolmasligi uchun koʻtarib yuborishgan[2].

Sumayya "juda keksa va zaif ayol" deb ta'riflangan boʻlsa-da, sobit boʻlib, Islomni tark etishdan bosh tortgan[7].

Vafoti

Bir kuni kechqurun Maxzum urugʻidan boʻlgan Abu Jahl, uning turgan joyini koʻrgani keldi. Keyin uni nayzasi bilan sanchib oʻldirdi[7][2]. Abu Jahl Badrda oʻldirilganida Muhammad Ammorga: "Onangizning qotilini Olloh oʻldirdi", dedi.

Tabariy Sumayya hayotiga oid muqobil hikoyani eslatib oʻtadi. Uning aytishicha, u Yosir vafotidan keyin Azraq ismli vizantiyalik qulga turmushga chiqqan. U unga Salama ismli oʻgʻil tugʻdi. Tabariy, shuningdek, Sumayya ismli ikki Makkalik ayol oʻrtasida chalkashlik boʻlishi mumkin boʻlgan voqea sifatida ba'zi voqealarni qayd etadi[8].

Tarixiy havolalar

Sumayyaning oʻldirilishi haqidagi dastlabki maʼlumot Ibn Ishoqning (761-yilda vafot etgan)[9] Muhammad, Siratu Rasulullohning tarjimai holida (“ Rasulullohning tarjimai holi”) uchraydi[7]. :143[10] Uning ismi Sumayya Ibn Ishoqda ochiq aytilmagan; Bu uning oʻgʻli Sumayyaning "oʻgʻli" Ammar deb atalishidan olingan chegirmadir[7] Ammo Ibn Sa'd[2]. va Tabariy rivoyatlarida u Sumayya deb ataladi[1].

Yana qarang

Manbalar

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk. Translated by Landau-Tasseron, E. (1998). Volume 39: Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors, pp. 29-30, 116-117. Albany: State University of New York Press.
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,8 Muhammad ibn Saad (2013), „Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir“, in Translated by Bewley, A. (muh.), The Companions of Badr, 3-jild, London: Ta-Ha Publishers Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Saad3" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir vol. 3. Translated by Bewley, A. (2013). The Companions of Badr, p. 203. London: Ta-Ha Publishers. "Ammar was killed in Safar 37 AH at the age of 93."
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 Muhammad ibn Saad (1995), „Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir“, in Translated by Bewley, A. (muh.), The Women of Madina, 8-jild, London: Ta-Ha Publishers, 185–186-betMuhammad ibn Saad (1995), "Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir", in Translated by Bewley, A. (ed.), The Women of Madina, vol. 8, London: Ta-Ha Publishers, pp. 185–186
  5. ↑ Razwy, Sayed A.A.. A restatement of the history of Islam & Muslims : C.E. 570 to 661. Stanmore, Middlesex: World Federation of KSI Muslim Communities, 1997. ISBN 0-9509-8791-3. Qaraldi: 31-iyul 2014-yil. „Ammar ibn Yasser was also one of the earliest converts to Islam. As noted before, his mother and father were tortured to death by the pagans in Makkah. They were the first and the second martyrs of Islam, and this is a distinction that no one in all Islam can share with them.“ Razwy, Sayed A.A. (1997). A restatement of the history of Islam & Muslims : C.E. 570 to 661. Stanmore, Middlesex: World Federation of KSI Muslim Communities. ISBN 0-9509-8791-3. Retrieved 31 July 2014. Ammar ibn Yasser was also one of the earliest converts to Islam. As noted before, his mother and father were tortured to death by the pagans in Makkah. They were the first and the second martyrs of Islam, and this is a distinction that no one in all Islam can share with them.
  6. ↑ Razwy, Sayed A.A. „"The first victims of pagan attrition and aggression were those Muslims who had no tribal affiliation in Makkah. Yasir and his wife, Sumayya, and their son, Ammar, had no tribal affiliation. In Makkah they were "foreigners" and there was no one to protect them. All three were savagely tortured by Abu Jahl and the other infidels. Sumayya, Yasir's wife, died while she was being tortured. She thus became the First Martyr in Islam. A little later, her husband, Yasir, was also tortured to death, and he became the Second Martyr in Islam. Quraysh had stained their hands with innocent blood! In the roster of martyrs, Sumayya and her husband, Yasir, rank among the highest. They were killed for no reason other than their devotion to Allah and their love for Islam and Muhammad Mustafa. Those Muslims who were killed in the battles of Badr and Uhud, had an army to defend and to support them. But Yasir and his wife had no one to defend them; they bore no arms, and they were the most defenseless of all the martyrs of Islam. By sacrificing their lives, they highlighted the truth of Islam, and they built strength into its structure. They made the tradition of sacrifice and martyrdom an integral part of the ethos of Islam."“, . A restatement of the history of Islam & Muslims : C.E. 570 to 661. Stanmore, Middlesex: World Federation of KSI Muslin Communities, 1997. ISBN 0950987913. Qaraldi: 31-iyul 2014-yil. 
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 7,3 Muhammad ibn Ishaq. Sirat Rasul Allah. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-636033-1 Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Ishaq" defined multiple times with different content
  8. ↑ History of al-Tabari Vol. 39, The: Biographies of the Prophet's Companions p.29-30, SUNY Press, 07-Jul-2015, ISBN 9781438409986
  9. ↑ Robinson 2003, p. xv
  10. ↑ University of Wisconsin-Madison 
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