Abu Mahmud Xoʻjandiy

Abu Mahmud Hamid ibn al-Xizr al-Xoʻjandiy^[1] (Abu Mahmud Xoʻjandiy, al-Xoʻjandiy yoki Xoʻjandiy nomlari bilan tanilgan, fors: ابومحمود خجندی, tax. 940 — 1000) Movarounnahrlik astronom va matematik boʻlgan. U Xoʻjandda (hozirgi Tojikiston hududi) tugʻilgan va X asr oxirlarida yashagan. Abu Mahmud Xoʻjandiy observatoriya qurilishida yordam bergan, bu observatoriya Ray shahri yaqinida (Tehron yaqinida), Eronda joylashgan edi.

Astronomiya

Xoʻjandiy Eronning Ray shahri yaqinidagi observatoriyada Buvayhiy amirlari homiyligida ishlagan. U yerda u 994-yilda Yerning oʻq qiyaligini („ekliptika qiyaligi“) juda aniqlikda hisoblash maqsadida qurilgan birinchi ulkan devorli sekstantni yasaganligi maʼlum.

Abu Mahmud Xoʻjandiy oʻq qiyaligini 994-yilda 23°32’19" ekanligini aniqlagan. U oldingi astronomlar oʻlchovlari yuqoriroq qiymatlarni berganini (hindlar: 24°; Ptolemey 23° 51') qayd etgan va shunday qilib oʻq qiyaligi doimiy emas, balki (hozirda) kamayib borayotganini aniqlagan. Biroq uning oʻq qiyaligi boʻyicha oʻlchovi taxminan 2 daqiqa kichik boʻlgan, ehtimol, ogʻir asbob kuzatuvlar davomida asta-sekin choʻkib borgani sababli shunday boʻlgan boʻlishi mumkin^[1]^[2].

Matematika

Xoʻjandiy Fermatning oxirgi teoremasining $n = 3$ holatidagi maxsus koʻrinishini bayon qilgan, yaʼni $x^3+y^3=z^3$ tenglama uchun butun yoki ratsional son yechimlar mavjud emas, deb aytgan, ammo u keltirgan isbot notoʻgʻri boʻlgan^[1]^[3]^[4]. Sferik sinuslar qonuni ham Xoʻjandiy tomonidan kashf etilgan bo‘lishi mumkin, biroq uni birinchi bo‘lib u kashf etganmi yoki Abu Nasr Mansur, Abulvafo yoki Nosiriddin Tusiy birinchi bo‘lib kashf etganmi, aniq emas^[5]^[6].

Manbalar

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., „Abu Mahmud Hamid ibn al-Khidr Al-Khujandi“, MacTutor History of Mathematics archive (ingliz){{citation}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language ()
↑ Al-Khujandī, Abū Maḥmūd Ḥāmid Ibn Al-Khiḍr, Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, 2008
↑ Dickson, L. E.. History of the Theory of Numbers, Diophantine Analysis. New York: Chelsea Publishing, 1919 — 545-bet.
↑ Krantz, Steven G.; Parks, Harold R.. A Mathematical Odyssey: Journey from the Real to the Complex. Springer US, 2014 — 316-bet. DOI:10.1007/978-1-4614-8939-9. ISBN 9781461489399.
↑ Also the 'sine law' (of geometry and trigonometry, applicable to spherical trigonometry) is attributed, among others, to khujandi. (The three others are Abul Wafa Bozjani, Nasiruddin Tusi and Abu Nasr Mansur). Razvi, Syed Abbas Hasan (1991) A history of science, technology, and culture in Central Asia, Volume 1 University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan, page 358, OCLC 26317600
↑ Bijli suggests that three mathematicians are in contention for the honor, khujandi, Abdul-Wafa and Mansur, leaving out Nasiruddin Tusi. Bijli, Shah Muhammad and Delli, Idarah-i Adabiyāt-i (2004) Early Muslims and their contribution to science: ninth to fourteenth century Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli, Delhi, India, page 44, OCLC 66527483

[mactutor-1] 1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., „Abu Mahmud Hamid ibn al-Khidr Al-Khujandi“, MacTutor History of Mathematics archive (ingliz){{citation}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language ()

[2] Al-Khujandī, Abū Maḥmūd Ḥāmid Ibn Al-Khiḍr, Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, 2008

[3] Dickson, L. E.. History of the Theory of Numbers, Diophantine Analysis. New York: Chelsea Publishing, 1919 — 545-bet.

[4] Krantz, Steven G.; Parks, Harold R.. A Mathematical Odyssey: Journey from the Real to the Complex. Springer US, 2014 — 316-bet. DOI:10.1007/978-1-4614-8939-9. ISBN 9781461489399.

[5] Also the 'sine law' (of geometry and trigonometry, applicable to spherical trigonometry) is attributed, among others, to khujandi. (The three others are Abul Wafa Bozjani, Nasiruddin Tusi and Abu Nasr Mansur). Razvi, Syed Abbas Hasan (1991) A history of science, technology, and culture in Central Asia, Volume 1 University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan, page 358, OCLC 26317600

[6] Bijli suggests that three mathematicians are in contention for the honor, khujandi, Abdul-Wafa and Mansur, leaving out Nasiruddin Tusi. Bijli, Shah Muhammad and Delli, Idarah-i Adabiyāt-i (2004) Early Muslims and their contribution to science: ninth to fourteenth century Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli, Delhi, India, page 44, OCLC 66527483

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